<p>Gilfillan Farm is located at the junction of Washington  and Orr roads in Upper St. Clair Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is a working farm whose current form dates to the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>The farms main house shows the transition from the Greek Revival style to the Victorian modes that became dominant later in the century. It remained a farm in the hands of the same family until 2001, even as the area around it has become a suburb of nearby Pittsburgh. In 1979 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and is currently owned by the townships historical society.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>The farmstead consists of 12 buildings on a 15 acre parcel of land sloping gently to the west. Washington Road is to the east, Orr Road to the south, and a 60 acre township park is on the north. The South Hills Village shopping mall is a short distance north on the opposite side of Washington. There are sidewalks on the streets and the property itself is fenced off.</p><br>
<p>The main house is a two-story, three-bay structure of brick painted red. It is topped with a slate-shingled gabled roof. There is a large wing on the rear that has had an addition put on. A nearby stone springhouse is the oldest building on the farm.</p><br>
<p>Windows have decorative wooden lintels and white pine moldings. A porch supported by wooden columns stretches across the west (front) of the first story. The main entrance has a red glass transom and similar sidelights with a frosted grape pattern.</p><br>
<p>Inside many original finishings remain. The doors have white pine molded surrounds like their exterior counterparts, and one of the parlors has a fireplace mantel also of pine. Slate and marble are used for the other two fireplaces on the first story.</p><br>
<p>A breezeway connects the main house to a brick wash house to its rear. It is also three bays but only one story high. To its rear is a smokehouse.</p><br>
<p>Also nearby is a 40 by frame barn on a stone foundation. Its roof is pierced by two ventilators. Next to it is the stable, with stalls for seven horses. A wagon shed, shop, pig pen, chicken coop and granary round out the outbuildings.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The farm was established by Alexander Gilfillan in the 1760s. His family was one of the first to settle in the future township, growing corn, hay, sheep and cattle. His grandson, John II, built the current farm complex from 1857 to 1868. The last building, the barn, was built in a community barn raising.</p><br>
<p>In 1976 the family sold the surrounding acreage to the township, which have since been developed as a park with a 1.25 mi walking trail. The Gilfillan descendants continued to live on and work the farm until the last one died in 2001. Margaret Gilfillan left the property to the Historical Society of Upper St. Clair along with a $1.8 million trust fund to maintain it. Currently it is open to the public by appointment or on Upper St. Clair Community Day, in May of every year and the grounds are selectively available for private parties.</p><br>
<p>The Samuel E. Hackman Building, also known as the A.L. Barner Hardware Company Building, is a historic commercial building located at Hartsburg, Missouri. It was built in 1897 and expanded about 1903. It is a two-story, rectangular frame building with a flat facade. It features the original elaborate iron and frame storefront.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Genesee County Courthouse is located at the intersection of Main  and Ellicott  streets in Batavia, New York, United States. It is a three-story Greek Revival limestone structure built in the 1840s.</p><br>
<p>It replaced an older timber frame courthouse near the current site, which served what was at that time the entire Holland Purchase, the vast tract that is today Western New York. At the time the courthouse was built, the county had been reduced to its current size by the creation of 10 other counties from the purchase. Construction materials were all sourced locally.</p><br>
<p>Later it underwent some minor renovations. While Genesee County has subsequently built additional court facilities nearby where most judicial activity takes place, it is still used for some court purposes as well as offices for the county manager, attorney and the meeting place of the county legislature. In 1973 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Nine years later, in 1982, when the Genesee County Courthouse Historic District was added to the Register, the courthouse was again included as a contributing property.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse is located in the west corner of the triangular lot with Main on the north, Ellicott on the south and Court Street to the east. It is prominently visible to traffic approaching down West Main Street from the west. The block contains one other building, a large Colonial Revival brick structure also used by the county. Walkways connect the two, and surrounding sidewalks, amid a large lawn. West of the courthouse, at the fork of Main and Ellicott, is the large granite Soldier&#39;s Monument, with a statue of General Emory Upton.</p><br>
<p>Other public buildings dominate the neighboring streets. The post office, old county jail and Batavia&#39;s old city hall, all also contributing properties to the historic district, are to the north, across Main. On the northwest is city police headquarters. Northeast is the new city hall and Genesee Country Mall. Other public buildings are on the south, with Tonawanda Creek behind them. All these buildings are surrounded by parking lots.</p><br>
<p>Two blocks west along West Main is the Holland Land Office Museum, a National Historic Landmark. The commercial areas of downtown Batavia begin two blocks east along both streets. To the north, south and west are residential areas.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is a five-by-five-bay structure with load-bearing limestone walls. On the east (front) side it is two and a half stories high, reaching a full three on the west. The lower level is set off by a belt course that also serves as a water table. Atop the building is a hipped roof with slate shingles trimmed in copper at the roofline. A cupola with bell from the original courthouse is in the center, and a brick chimney rises from the southeast corner.</p><br>
<p>Across the first floor of the east facade are six large stone pilasters with Doric capitals. All the bays save for the centrally located main entrance have 12-over-12 double-hung sash windows. At the roofline is an architrave of three narrow bands topped by a plain wide frieze below the projecting cornice.</p><br>
<p>The lower tier of the cupola has clapboard siding with corner pilasters and a frieze and projecting molded cornice of its own. Atop that is a balustrade surrounding the top tier, where each face has two Doric pilasters flanking a louvered vent. Above its frieze and cornice is a copper dome.</p><br>
<p>Stone steps with center and side iron guardrails rise to the deeply recessed main entrance. The front door is framed by more Doric pilasters, sidelights and a transom above its own cornice. It opens into a central hallway with offices on either side.</p><br>
<p>At the far end is a double stair that merges into one before it reaches the second floor. The main courtroom, with coved ceiling covered in acoustical tiles, is on that level along with two judges&#39; chambers. Wainscoting and door and window trim are apparently original.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Joseph Ellicott supervised the building of the first courthouse in 1802 on behalf of the Holland Land Company, for which he was agent. It was a two-story frame structure located to the east of the present building, near the site of the county building on the opposite side of the triangle. He had chosen what became Batavia for his headquarters due to its location at the convergence of major Iroquois trails through the region, two of which became Main and Ellicott streets and the state highways that follow them.</p><br>
<p>The original building had jail facilities in the basement, offices on the first floor and its courtroom upstairs. Like its successor, it was topped with a cupola. Local lore holds that David McCracken, a prosperous early resident with a reputation for playing practical jokes, was surprised that the land company had not bought a bell to go with it, and commissioned a bell on his own from a foundry in New Haven, Connecticut. After taking delivery, he hung it from a pole between two trees and proceeded to ring it in the early hours of one morning, awakening the entire village. Ellicott asked if the bell was for sale, and when McCracken said yes, the land agent bought it from him at that very moment. It has hung in the courthouse ever since.</p><br>
<p>As the Holland Purchase was settled more extensively, Genesee County, which had originally been coterminous with the lands, was subdivided into the other ten counties in the region. As the countys boundaries changed, this created pressure to relocate the county seat somewhere more central to the remaining county. This ended with the creation of the last county, Wyoming, to Genesees immediate south, in 1841, leaving Batavia once again centrally located within the county.</p><br>
<p>The county&#39;s Board of Supervisors had petitioned the state legislature for money to build a new courthouse, which was authorized that same year. Its Greek Revival design, typical for public buildings of the period, was an expanded version of the original courthouse, later to serve as town and village hall. The Onondaga limestone was quarried locally. The wall stones came from nearby Le Roy, already emerging as a center for that material, and the pillars and capitals from Lockport, the seat of Niagara County to the northwest.</p><br>
<p>Local craftsmen worked on the construction. The building was finished early in 1843 and the first court sessions were held later that year. At first the Board of Supervisors allowed all sorts of public meetings to be held in the building, but by 1851 they had ordered the sheriff to allow only county meetings. The two building commissioners who had overseen construction later served as judges, one not leaving the bench until the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The first renovations were made in 1862, when some aspects of the interior were altered and fireproofing was added to benefit the county clerk. In 1918 the original courthouse, since renamed Ellicott Hall, burned down. The bell was saved and moved to the cupola in the current courthouse.</p><br>
<p>Major renovations took place in 1932. The front, originally a recessed full-width porch with freestanding columns, was enclosed to create more office space. The columns became pilasters. Inside, the upstairs courtroom was reconfigured into a north-south access and the bench was moved accordingly. These renovations cost $58,000 ($ in contemporary dollars).</p><br>
<p>In 1957 the exterior walls were sandblasted. A more extensive 1975 project spent $155,000 ($ in contemporary dollars) to add a fire alarm and sprinkler system, lightning protection, gutter downspouts and cleaned the outside stone again. The windows and roofing were replaced, along with the wooden trim. The wooden supports for the bell were replaced, and its rope gave way to an electrical system. Air conditioning and an elevator were added in 1999.</p><br>
<p>There have been no other substantial changes to the building. Currently it serves as offices for the county manager and his or her assistant, as well as the county attorney. The nine-member county legislature still meets twice a month in the upstairs courtroom.</p><br>
<p>The Genesee County Courthouse Historic District is located at the junction of Main, West Main and Ellicott streets  in downtown Batavia, New York, United States. It is a small area with the county courthouse, a war memorial and other government buildings dating from the 1840s to the 1920s. Some were originally built for private purposes.</p><br>
<p>With the federal government represented as well as the city, it constitutes the civic core of Batavia, the city from whence the Holland Purchase, covering all of today&#39;s Western New York, was subdivided and settled in the early 19th century. In 1982 it was recognized as a historic district, one of two in the county, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district is an irregularly shaped five-acre (5 acre) area on the north side of West Main and both sides of West Main, with its southern border at Ellicott. In the latter area, the triangular parcel between Main, Ellicott and Court Street, it includes the county courthouse and the county government building to its east. The Civil War memorial at the junction is also included. Across the street the buildings included, from west to east, are the original county jail, the post office, and city hall.</p><br>
<p>To the south are other, modern government buildings and Tonawanda Creek. The Holland Land Office building, a National Historic Landmark now used as a historical museum, is on the south side of West Main two blocks to the west, with commercial buildings on the north giving way to houses in the adjacent blocks to the north and west. East of the district is the commercial core of Batavia.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>The district encompasses five government buildings and a monument. There are no non-contributing properties.</p><br>
<p>Batavia City Hall, 10 West Main Street. George Brisbane, son of original settler James Brisbane, built this two-story brick Italianate-style mansion in 1853. After some alterations in 1876, the city acquired it from his descendants in 1917 and adapted it for its current use as city hall, without adversely affecting the original architecture.</p><br>
<p>Genesee County Courthouse, Main and Ellicott Streets. Built between 1841 and 1843, it is the oldest building in the district, the focal point of traffic reaching the city center from the west. It uses local limestone for its load-bearing walls. Modeled on the timber frame courthouse built nearby by Joseph Ellicott in the early 19th century, the original Greek Revival style, made more prominent by the colonnade on the east (front) facade, has been softened by the expansion of the interior into the porch to create more office space. Still used as the offices of the county manager, county attorney and the meeting place of the county legislature, it was listed on the Register in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Genesee County Building #1, Court Street. The most recent building in the district is located on the site of the original courthouse, which burned down in 1918. Eight years later, this two-and-a-half–story 13-bay Classical Revival brick building and decorative elements including a balustrade, quoins and pilasters was built at a cost of $150,000 ($ in contemporary dollars) to take its place as county offices. A 1955 addition made it T-shaped. Renovations at the end of the 20th century made it disabled-accessible.</p><br>
<p>Genesee County Sheriffs Office and Jail, West Main Street. Poughkeepsie architect William J. Beardsley designed this two-story Victorian Gothic structure, completed in 1903. The turrets, brick and locally quarried Medina sandstone produce a small-scale fortress effect, similar to the nearby Attica Correctional Facility. It has remained in use by the sheriffs office since its construction, although other jail facilities have been built.</p><br>
<p>Soldiers Monument, Main and Ellicott streets. A bronze eagle perches on a globe at the top of a 36 ft shaft on a 14-foot–square (14 ft) granite base surmounted by a globe above which a bronze eagle is perched with wings extended seven feet. Facing west is a statue of General Emory Upton. It was erected in 1919 to honor the areas Civil War veterans.</p><br>
<p>USA Post Office, 2 West Main Street. This five-bay Classical Revival brick building on a sandstone foundation was built in 1919, credited to Treasury Department Supervising Architect James Wetmore. Its unusual parallelogram shape was required by the lot shape, in which the property lines run north-south instead of perpendicular to the street.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Batavia was founded in 1802 by Joseph Ellicott, surveyor and agent for the Holland Land Company, the group of Dutch investors who had bought the 3 million acres (1.2 million ha) west of the Genesee River from Continental Army financier Robert Morris. Ellicott chose what became Batavia, the name what is today The Netherlands had at the time, since it was at the fork of two major Iroquois trails, today the highways that follow the three streets, across the region. From the beginning of settlement the future district was used for governmental purposes, with a courthouse built at the fork to file the deeds once the owners had paid off the mortgage, previously kept at the land office down the street.</p><br>
<p>Genesee County, which initially covered the entire Holland Purchase, was repeatedly subdivided into the 10 counties of the current region as it became settled and developed. With the 1840 creation of Wyoming County from the southern half of what had been the rump of Genesee County, Batavia resumed its central location within the county and erased any doubt as to its feasibility as the county seat. The current courthouse was built, a stone structure closely modeled on the original building. In its cupola is the original courthouse&#39;s bell, the only remnant of that building, which burned down in 1918 after a long period of use as village (later city) and town hall.</p><br>
<p>The opening of the Erie Canal, which bypassed Batavia in favor of Orleans County, led to a decline from the citys earlier importance. But growth returned when the railroads were built and came through, following the old roads. William Brisbanes 1853 mansion was built at the height of this prosperity, before the Midwest displaced Western New York as the United States major wheat-growing area. Now city hall, Brisbanes mansion is the only building in the district not originally built for government use.</p><br>
<p>Early in the new century, the county built another new building in the future district to house its sheriff and prisoners. William J. Beardsleys late Victorian Gothic structure was opened in 1903. The years at the end of World War I saw a flurry of activity that did much to shape the district into the citys civic core. The city of Batavia bought Brisbanes mansion from his heirs and adapted it, with minimal significant change, into its city hall in 1917. The next year, the original courthouse that had stood since Ellicotts time was lost to fire. Across the street, the federal government established its presence in the area with a Classical Revival post office built on part of the original Brisbane property. The unusual shape of the parcel required that the building be shaped like a parallelogram.</p><br>
<p>In 1919, with the war over, the city and county built the Soldiers&#39; Monument at the corner to the west of the courthouse, to memorialize not just its veterans from the recent war but those from the Civil War a half-century before as well. The statue of Emory Upton honors the memory of the most famous local soldier, whose innovative tactics led to a Union victory at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House. It continues to honor and memorialize the veterans of later wars.</p><br>
<p>The last government building to be added to the district was the county government building. With county government growing in scope, more space was needed. The site of the original courthouse had remained vacant, and in the mid-1920s the Rochester firm of Bohacket and Brew was hired to build the current building. Their ornate brick Classical Revival structure was opened in 1927. Five years later, the county enclosed the courthouse porch to create more office space, turning its columns into pilasters.</p><br>
<p>Later renovations, in 1955, added a third wing to the county building. This is the most significant change to any of the buildings. The courthouse was modernized in the mid-1970s, and the county building made disabled-accessible in the late 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The Paulina Lake Guard Station is a Forest Service building located in the Newberry National Volcanic Monument in Central Oregon. The guard station was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps to house the seasonal assistant ranger responsible for patrolling the forest around Paulina Lake. Because of its rustic architecture, the guard station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1920s and 1930s, Forest Service employees often traveled many miles from local ranger stations to forest work sites. Since the forest road networks were not well developed, getting to a job site meant a long trek, carrying all the equipment need to perform the field work. This made it impractical for employees to make daily round-trips. To facilitate work at remote sites, the Forest Service built guard stations at strategic locations throughout the forest to house fire patrols and project crews. After World War II, the Forest Service greatly expanded its road network, allowing employees to get to most National Forest areas within a few hours. As a result, many guard stations were no longer needed. The Forest Service found new uses for some stations, but most were demolished or abandon.</p><br>
<p>The Paulina Lake Guard Station was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1938. It was originally constructed to house a seasonal assistant ranger working for the Fort Rock Ranger District. Today, it is located within the Newberry National Volcanic Monument area of the Deschutes National Forest. The guard station was named after nearby Paulina Lake, a large lake inside the caldera of Newberry Crater. Paulina Lake is, in turn, name for Chief Paulina, a Paiute leader of the Walpapi band during the Snake War in the 1860s.</p><br>
<p>The guard station was originally built as a residence for the forest guard responsible for patrolling the campgrounds and forest around the Paulina Lake during the summer wildfire season.</p><br>
<p>The Paulina Lake Guard Station exemplifies rustic architectural style developed by the Forest Service in the Pacific Northwest during the early 20th century. Because of its rustic architecture and the cabin&#39;s unique historic value as an early Forest Service guard station, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 11 April 1986. In 1990, the United States Congress established the 50,000 acre Newberry National Volcanic Monument. Because of its location, the guard station became part of the National Monument. Today, the guard station building is the home of the Paulina Visitor Center.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Civilian Conservation Corps built the guard station residence in 1938. It is rectangular one-story, wood-frame structures with gabled roof. The structure rests of a concrete foundation. There is an interior stone chimney off center from the roof ridge. The exterior walls are horizontal clapboard with vertical board and batten covering the gable ends. Windows are either a nine or twelve pane light sash type. The main front window is a group of three twelve pane windows set below a front gabled bay. A garage with hinged two-leaf doors is built into one end of the structure.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance is at the centered on the front façade. It has a recessed porch, enclosed on three sides. The porch has a flagstone platform floor. The entryway is framed by heavy timber beams. The outer posts are vertical and flush with the exterior wall while the two inner posts are angled inward. All four posts support a heavy, square lintel beam.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Paulina Lake Guard Station is located in the Newberry National Volcanic Monument area of the Deschutes National Forest. It is approximately 36 mi southeast of Bend, Oregon. The elevation at the site is 6,350 ft above sea level. The forest around the guard station is dominated by ponderosa pine with a few lodgepole pine in the area as well.</p><br>
<p>To get to the Paulina Lake Guard Station from Bend, travel south on Highway 97 twenty-three miles then turn right onto Forest Service Road 21. Follow Road 21 for 13 mi to Paulina Lake campground and the guard station. There is a vehicle fee charged within the Newberry National Volcanic Monument to help cover the cost of operating and maintaining the facilities in the area. There are additional fees for camping inside the monument.</p><br>
<p>The Brick Tavern House is a former inn on the National Road west of St. Clairsville, Ohio, United States. One of the oldest National Road taverns still in existence, it was built in the early nineteenth century. Although it fell into dilapidation during the late twentieth century, it was named a historic site in 1995, and extensive restoration was to be performed in the early 2010s but to date, has not been.</p><br>
<p>The tavern&#39;s construction date varies widely in different sources. A history of Belmont County published in 1903 proposed that it had been built in 1812; the USA Department of Transportation believes that it was constructed in 1828; a restoration firm, Centennial Preservation Group, states that it was erected in 1825; and the National Park Service gives its construction year as 1831. Built of brick on a foundation of sandstone, the tavern is covered with a tin roof and features elements of sandstone and slate. The two-and-a-half-story building features a gabled roof, while the overall design includes a rear ell faced by porches on both sides.</p><br>
<p>Numerous taverns were constructed along the National Road in its earliest years, as the road saw its golden years between 1825 and 1845. However, the coming of railroads later in the century relegated the road to a farm track by 1900, and its businesses and towns were reduced to serving only local needs. Although it survived the neglect of long-distance travelers, the Brick Tavern House gradually fell into dilapidation; by 2012, its windows were boarded up, and the entire structure was tending toward collapse, even though it was part of the campus of Ohio University East. To save the building, the university applied for historic preservation grants from the federal government, and in September 2006 the USA Department of Transportation announced that they had been awarded $128,000 for restoration. Restoration was forced to wait; early 2012 saw the tavern still deteriorating amid a protracted bidding process. Ultimately, the Belmont County Commissioners agreed to permit bidding for renovation, including roof repairs, in April 2012, and construction had been finished by June of the following year. Work was performed by Centennial Preservation Group, with assistance by Hays Landscape Architecture.</p><br>
<p>In 1995, amid its deterioration, the Brick Tavern House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its place in local history; a secondary building was included with the tavern in the designation. Part of its historical importance derives from its location next door to the Great Western Schoolhouse, another National Register-listed building; local school districts use the schoolhouse for field trips, and the restoration grant was awarded in hopes that the renovated tavern might become a museum in connection with the schoolhouse.</p><br>
<p>The Keeney House is located on Main Street  in Le Roy, New York, United States. It is a two-story wood frame house dating to the mid-19th century. Inside it has elaborately detailed interiors. It is surrounded by a landscaped front and back yard.</p><br>
<p>Originally it was in the Greek Revival architectural style, with more elaborate decoration on its main facade. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was home to horticulturist Calvin N. Kenney (1849–1930), breeder of the stringless bean. In 1927, the home was renovated in the Federal Revival style by Bryant Fleming, leaving it with a more restrained main facade. The house and its carriage house were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The house is located on a three-quarter–acre (3,000 m) lot, more than twice as deep as it is wide, on the south side of Main Street, just east of its intersection with Lake and Clay streets (New York State Route 19) in the center of the village. Most of the neighboring properties are large non-residential structures: a supermarket to the west, the village hall to the east with Le Roy&#39;s commercial district on the other side of Route 19, and another large commercial structure to the north across the street. A block of residences begins to the northwest. The terrain begins to slope slightly downward to the east and Oatka Creek at that point.</p><br>
<p>Mature trees and shrubs are planted throughout the landscaped lot. The house sits on a slight rise, with slight terraces climbing up to it from the street. A line of trees screens the property from the village hall property on the east, next to a driveway to the carriage house, and a decorative wooden fence runs from the carriage house along the rear boundary.</p><br>
<p>The building itself has a two-and-a-half-story five-by-two-bay wood frame main block on a stone foundation with two rear wings and a kitchen extension. It is topped with a shallow pitched gabled roof covered in composition tiles and pierced by a brick chimney. The western of the two rear wings is two stories high, the eastern, with the living room, one. Between them a long extension ends in a recessed porch. There is another porch on the east side, from the living room wing to beyond the middle of the extension.</p><br>
<p>Siding consists of clapboard on all facades save the north (front), which uses flushboard. All windows have low-relief molded surrounds and flat cornices. That faces central bay, with the main entrance, is framed by full-height square recessed Doric pilasters, which repeat at the corners. They support a wide molded frieze, above which are small windows with decorative grillwork. Above them is the roofs wide overhanging cornice.</p><br>
<p>Similar Doric pilasters trim the corners of the rear and wings. At the rear of the kitchen extension, the porch has arches on the sides and square Doric piers on the south. Above them a Palladian window is in the gable field.</p><br>
<p>The recessed main entrance is flanked by narrow sidelights and topped with a fanlight. It leads into a long central hall, flanked by a parlor and sitting room at the front. Both have fireplaces with wooden Greek Revival mantels. Arched alcoves flank the parlor fireplaces. Greek Revival woodwork also frames the doors and entryways, and both ceilings have crown molding and a blank frieze.</p><br>
<p>An ornate staircase leads up to the second floor. There the wide central hall divides similarly appointed bedrooms and a study. A suite is located at the end of the south extension.</p><br>
<p>The carriage house is also a frame structure. Its roof is double-gabled on the east side, with two brick chimneys and a latticework cupola. It and the gables are topped with finials. The main entrance on the north is a pedimented portico, supported by two narrow columns rising from stone walls that extend from either side of the main entrance. They are flanked by two sash windows. A circular window fills the gable field above.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1851 by local contractor Philo Pierson for claim agent John Bixby. The two-story rear wing was probably built first, to serve as a temporary residence while the rest of the house went up. The main block combines a late Federal-style form with Greek Revival detailing.</p><br>
<p>Calvin Keeney, a Le Roy native, bought the house from Bixby in 1881. He had left school to join his fathers produce business after the Civil War, and ultimately became his fathers partner. In 1868 he had hired a Rochester seedman to help develop the stringless bean. Keeney would later be credited with developing 17 varieties of the vegetable, which helped make canning cheaper. He himself started a local cannery and salt works before his death.</p><br>
<p>In 1927 Buffalo architect Bryant Fleming was commissioned to do renovations on the house. He removed a veranda that had been installed around 1900 along with much of the front facade&#39;s three-dimensional decoration, making it more of a pure Federal building. To make up for the veranda he had the front lawn terraced and accentuated the front entrance with the fanlight and flanking pilasters, reinforcing those already found on the corners. The fenestration was further enhanced with square plaques at either side of the window heads and the grillwork windows in the attic.</p><br>
<p>In the rear he had the servants&#39; quarters converted into the porch and added the Palladian window. Inside, he had the two front rooms on the east side combined into a large parlor. He also landscaped the backyard.</p><br>
<p>There have been no other significant changes to the house since. After Keeney&#39;s death, his daughter Ruth inherited the house. She helped establish the YWCA and Girl Scouts at the national level, and organized the Le Roy Historical Society in her hometown. From her the property passed to her niece Elinor Townsend. Currently, the property is owned by William and Susan Schmidt.</p><br>
<p>The Le Roy House and Union Free School are located on East Main Street  in Le Roy, New York, United States. The house is a stucco-faced stone building in the Greek Revival architectural style. It was originally a land office, expanded in two stages during the 19th century by its builder, Jacob Le Roy, an early settler for whom the village is named. In the rear of the property is the village&#39;s first schoolhouse, a stone building from the end of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Le Roy expanded the small land office into a large house, with finely decorated interior. After its completion, he hosted the reception following Daniel Websters second marriage, to one of Le Roys sisters. Later it served as a residence for educational administrators of both Ingham University and the local public schools. During the late 19th century it was subdivided into a boardinghouse for faculty and students at Ingham and the Le Roy Academic Institute, an early secular private school. Upon the establishment of the Le Roy Historical Society in 1941 it became the local historical museum.</p><br>
<p>The school was originally an addition built on a frame building, first for the Le Roy Academic Institute and then the local public school district, which it served as a high school. Its educational use ended in the early 20th century. For several decades afterward it was used as a factory for the manufacture of patent medicines. Since the 1940s it has been a property of the historical society.</p><br>
<h2>Museums</h2><br>
<p>The Le Roy House is today owned by the Le Roy Historical Society and operated as historic house museum, with 19th century period rooms, a room with Morganville Pottery items, and exhibits of local history.</p><br>
<p>The school has also been converted into the Jell-O Gallery, devoted to the history and marketing of Jell-O, which was invented and first manufactured in Le Roy.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>Both buildings are located on a 3 acre lot along the north side of East Main Street, 500 feet (150 m) east of Oatka Creek. Across the street is a small park and Le Roy&#39;s current elementary school, built in the early 20th century. The surrounding neighborhood is otherwise mostly residential, with other large houses from the 19th century and the First Baptist Church at the creek. The deep lot has the house on the street, followed by a small parking lot, the school and a Little League baseball field in the very rear. A line of trees delineates the property boundaries.</p><br>
<p>In 1997 both buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h3>House</h3><br>
<p>The house is a two-and-a-half-story stucco-faced limestone structure with a raised foundation and side-gabled roof shingled in asphalt. Two brown brick chimneys with concrete caps pierce it at either end. The roofline has broad overhanging eaves on the north and south and a dentilled pedimented cornice on the east and west. On the north (rear) elevation is a full-width one-story porch on a concrete foundation with limestone steps. Its hipped roof is supported by round Tuscan columns and louvered panels at the sides.</p><br>
<h4>Exterior</h4><br>
<p>Its south (front) facade frames the centrally located main entrance in a hip roofed portico with classical entablature supported by paired fluted Doric columns with indented capitals. All windows on the facade are tripartite, with 12-over-12 double-hung sash flanked by three-over-three sidelights on the first story complemented by eight-over-eight and two-over-two on the second. All have plain lintels and wooden shutters for the sidelights. At the basement level a window on the west side provides light; the corresponding opening on the east has been bricked in.</p><br>
<p>The side elevations are asymmetrically fenestrated, reflecting the houses phased expansion. Both have a six-over-six window flanked by quarter-round windows in the pediments. On the east are three six-over-six windows in the northern bays, and two on the first in the two northernmost bays. The west faces second story is fully fenestrated, but with an eight-over-eight in the second bay from north dropped a half-story. Below it, the first story has, from the south, a six-over-six, eight-over-eight, six-over-six and four-over-four, all with stone sills. The north elevation has tripartite windows like those on the opposite face surrounding the rear entrance, a six-panel door with narrow six-light sidelights and four-light transom. The second story has three six-over-six windows aligned with the first-story windows.</p><br>
<h4>Interior</h4><br>
<p>Paired paneled pilasters flank the six-light sidelights aside the main entrance, topped by another four-light transom. The six-panel wooden door opens into a 53 ft central hall running the depth of the house. In the middle an elliptical arch with molded soffit panels and reeded wood trim and keystones. A similar arch on the adjacent wall leads into the stair hall. Flooring throughout the first story is four-inch (10 cm) wooden board with the plaster walls covered by reproduction wallpaper.</p><br>
<p>On either side of the center hall are two large rooms. The southwest room is decorated to approximate the buildings original function as a land office. Wooden shutters for the 12-over-12 at the center of the tripartite window are on the adjacent interior walls. The doors and windows have reed surrounds with molded corner blocks. The west walls fireplace mantel has a classical entablature, Doric columns and a glazed brick hearth. Next to the chimney breast are French doors leading into the northwest room. A closed portion in the northeast corner houses the original circular stairway.</p><br>
<p>The northwest room is currently the Le Roy Historical Society&#39;s office. Another six-panel wooden door with molded surround opens into it from the center hall. Its west wall fireplace has a wood mantel with reeded pilasters and molded square corner blocks. To its north a built-in bookcase spans the wall. The east wall has a kitchen unit, and the room is floored in linoleum.</p><br>
<p>East of the center hall, the two parlors have the greatest degree of decoration. The smaller southeast one has ornate wooden surrounds and plaster cornice moldings at the ceiling. The tripartite window is recessed and flanked by fluted pilasters. On the east the fireplace mantel has a classical entablature and engaged Ionic columns.</p><br>
<p>A ten-foot-wide (3 m) cased opening separates the two eastern parlors. It has some of the same decorative motifs seen elsewhere on the first floor, such as reed molding and molded corner blocks, along with a molded inset panel at the center. From the front, a classical entablature and Tuscan columns frame the view to the tripartite window in the rear. Along its sides, lined with shallow molded wood paneling, are shallow closets.</p><br>
<p>In the northeast parlor, the tripartite window is similarly recessed and flanked by pilasters. The fireplace mantel has an inset molded panel, classical entablature and engaged Tuscan columns. On either side are the six-over-six windows with reeded pilaster finish and molded corner blocks. Another six-panel wooden door opens into the center hall.</p><br>
<p>On the second floor, an identical arch spans the center hall south of the top of the stair. The decoration is more restrained, with simpler door and window surrounds and a ceiling medallion in the north section of the hall made of concentric circles. The same wide flooring planks are used everywhere on the floor except for the bathroom. All rooms are accessed by six-paneled wooden doors with half-glazing consisting of hand-painted frosted glass depicting landscapes, ruins, birds or animals.</p><br>
<p>A storage space has been created from part of the southeast bedroom, which has a fireplace with plain wood mantel. It is currently used to exhibit a collection of period children&#39;s toys. The similar bedroom across the hall is now used as a research library. Its northeast corner has also been partitioned to create a bathroom with wooden wainscoting along its walls.</p><br>
<p>The largest of the second floor bathrooms, the northeast one, has a fireplace with a Federal style mantel featuring classical entablature, inset molded panel and flanking pilasters. The molding on the door surround is the most detailed of any on the floor. It is currently used for storage. The bedroom across the hall has period furnishings and is used as an exhibit. Its mantel is similar.</p><br>
<p>Upstairs, the third floor is closed to the public and used for storage of collection material not currently on exhibit. It has a center hall dividing three small rooms on the west side from a large ballroom on the east. A small alcove projects from the west side of that room. There is extra storage space beneath the eaves on the north and south. The walls and ceilings are done in plaster.</p><br>
<p>From the rear of the stair hall on the first floor, another set of stairs leads down to the basement. It, too, has a center hall with six rooms. Three are open to the public and used for exhibits. In the southeast is a kitchen exhibit, in accordance with the bake oven in the open fireplace and open shelving along the east and north walls. It has a stone floor, plaster walls, and wooden shiplap ceiling.</p><br>
<p>In the southwest corner of the basement is the oldest room in the house, used for cold storage. It has a stone floor and vaulted brick ceiling, with walls of mortared limestone. To its north is a smaller vaulted room with a brick vault on the main floor, formerly the site of the cistern that collected rainwater from the roof.</p><br>
<p>The northwest room houses a ceramics exhibit, and has exposed blue shale in its west wall. Opposite, in the northeast, is the boiler room. The remaining room, in the center of the west side below the stairwell, is a small bathroom.</p><br>
<h3>School</h3><br>
<p>The school building is a three-story five-by-eight-bay limestone building with wooden interior framing. It is topped by an asphalt hipped roof with flared eaves and exposed rafter tails. Its raised basement has larger blocks and is separated by a water table.</p><br>
<p>At the south end of the west elevation is the current main entrance. It has a porch with a concrete deck, metal staircase and guiderails. Its roof is done in beaded wood paneling similar to that once used inside the school. The surrounding masonry work is different since the door was added later. Fenestration on that side consists of three aligned pairs of double-hung sash windows, one-over-one at the basement and first story, and two six-over-ones flanking a wooden door on the second.</p><br>
<p>On the east (rear) are aligned windows, likewise six one-over-one on the first story and seven six-over-one on the second. The basement windows have been bricked in, as has the first-story window at the north end. The same pattern of six-over-one above one-over-one obtains on the north side, with the three windows to the west being narrower. At the first story&#39;s northeast corner is a secondary entrance with a vinyl siding enclosure. It leads to the basement. The south, the side facing the street, is similar to the other faces except for having two narrow windows in the westernmost bay. All its windows have rock-faced lintels and smooth sills.</p><br>
<h4>Interior</h4><br>
<p>The paneled main entrance door, with single-light sidelights and transom, opens into a hall running along the west side. It is currently used as a gift shop and admission area for the museum. In the wider central portion of the hall is the freestanding chimney, its breast faced in plaster, with turned wooden cornerbeads and beaded fir wainscoting. A small administrative office is in the southwest corner.</p><br>
<p>Next to it, on the southeast, is the 832 ft&sup2; main exhibit room. The natural light from the windows is supplemented by modern track lighting on the beaded fir ceiling. The beaded fir wainscoting, ceiling and floor are original but have been refinished; the door to the west hall has been removed. A sliding track door opens into the northeast room, currently used for storage. It has similar finishes, and a non-functional freight lift on the east wall.</p><br>
<p>Also on the east wall, a five-panel door opens into the closed stair along the east wall. A small storage room in the northwest corner is accessed from this space, divided from the main hall by a partially glazed wall on the south. The stair itself, located behind another paneled door at the north end of the entrance hall, is lit by the windows on that elevation. The dogleg stair itself has simple square balusters, a molded top round rail and square newel.</p><br>
<p>Upstairs, another west hallway with a small room in the southwest corner gives access to three rooms of nearly equal size. All have paneled doors leading to the hallway, and each other. The finishes on this level are all original; none have been renovated.</p><br>
<p>The northeast room is slightly larger than the other two. It has the upper level of the freight lift, and a beaded-front cabinet below the window on the east wall. On the north wall is a steam radiator. The plaster has been removed on the south and east walls near the chimney, exposing the lath beneath. The chimney itself is in the northwest corner. In the south room the original blackboards remain on either side of the door on the north wall. Plaster has been stripped from that wall as well. Another steam radiator is along the south wall.</p><br>
<p>The basement has brick walls and a wood floor over concrete. Due to accumulated moisture over the years some of the wood has rotted, and the brick facing has been damaged. It is used for the storage of vehicles and other large items.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house originated with a land office from the earliest days of Le Roys settlement, a building still structurally part of the house. After Jacob Le Roy expanded it considerably, its use as a single-family house lasted until the Civil War, when it was subdivided to become a boarding house. Since 1941 it has been the historical societys property.</p><br>
<p>The school was original the west wing of an earlier frame structure, demolished in the 20th century. After being closed down, it was used as a factory for several decades.</p><br>
<h3>1793–1817:Settlement of Le Roy</h3><br>
<p>After the Revolutionary War, Robert Morris bought the land west of the Genesee River which now makes up Western New York from the state of Massachusetts. Most of this he later sold to the Holland Land Company, but in 1793 the New York firm of LeRoy & Bayard acquired 87,000 acre from him. Because of its shape, stretching from the current village of Le Roy to the shores of Lake Ontario and widening to the north, it was called the Triangle Tract.</p><br>
<p>The intersection of Oatka Creek with a popular Iroquois trail was an obvious place to establish a settlement, and four years after the Triangle Tract was purchased a man named Charles Arthur built a log cabin on the north side of what is now Main Street, just east of the future village&#39;s municipal boundary. He sold it a year later to a Capt. John Ganson, who expanded it into a tavern. Other settlers came, attracted by the fertile soils of the Oatka valley, and three years later, in 1802, the first bridge was built over the creek.</p><br>
<p>In 1813 the community was named after Herman Le Roy, senior partner in the landowning firm and former director of the Bank of the United States. He bought more land south of the Triangle Tracts tip, a purchase known as the Five Hundred Acre Tract, to attract more settlers. When the land was fully surveyed in 1817, he sent his nephew Egbert Benson Jr. to Le Roy to serve as the companys agent.</p><br>
<h3>1818–47: Initial construction and residence</h3><br>
<p>The two-story brick building Benson had constructed on the site of the current house is its earliest section. At that time it had an entrance on the west (now a window) and a narrow circular stair to the garret. An adjoining room to the north had a vaulted ceiling. The basement had the extant cistern and cold storage.</p><br>
<p>Four years later, in 1821, the community had been subdivided into lots and was thriving, with mills and other industries being established. Jacob Le Roy, a son of Herman&#39;s who had traveled abroad learning the family business after studies at Yale, replaced his cousin as company agent. Two years later he bought the land office building and began expanding it into a house for himself and his family.</p><br>
<p>By 1823 it had reached its current size. Le Roy had added a two-story addition to the rear, doubling the interior, and the attic story. The new section was reportedly modeled after New York City townhouses of the era. Fruit trees and flowering shrubs were planted around the house at this time. Six years later, in 1829, Le Roy hosted the reception after Daniel Webster&#39;s wedding to one of his sisters.</p><br>
<p>The last of the Triangle Tract lots was sold by 1837, and the land office was formally closed. In the 1840s the front portico was added, giving the house its strong Greek Revival character. The stucco facing, added some time after the rear was built, further unified the houses appearance. After the companys decision to raise prices on some former Holland properties it had acquired met with widespread local resistance in some areas and violence against one of the company&#39;s other offices, Jacob sold the house to Alfred Bartow and returned to New York City. He died there in 1847.</p><br>
<h3>1848–91: Ingham Seminary</h3><br>
<p>Bartow built the rear veranda. He replaced the original interior doors with the decorative glass-paneled ones currently in use sometime during the 1840s and &#39;50s. He also oversaw extensive additions to the grounds, such as large barns, expanded gardens, and the replacement of a stone wall with iron filigreed gate posts. Two drives on either side made a circle around the veranda. In 1856 he moved out.</p><br>
<p>In 1837, Mariette and Emily Ingham had established the Le Roy Female Seminary in a nearby house. Its first chancellor, Dr. Samuel Hanson Cox, lived in the Le Roy House during his tenure. His development of the school&#39;s curriculum led it to become Ingham Collegiate Institute and then Ingham University in 1857. During the 1860s pipelines were laid to the house to provide gas for heating and lighting.</p><br>
<p>Citizens of the village, including Bartow, established the non-sectarian LeRoy Academic Institute in 1864 in a small building on Main Street. Within a year, it had outgrown that space, and the institute&#39;s trustees bought the Le Roy House from Cox. They built a two-story wood frame school on the site of the present school, with enough space for 250 students.</p><br>
<p>The house itself was used to board faculty and some students. The interior was altered extensively during this period. Signs of former partitions remain on the floors of the large bedrooms upstairs, and the irregular fenestration of the side elevations also reflects this subdivision of the interior space. During the 1880s the basement kitchen was remodeled, with the shiplap ceiling added and the original fireplace and bake oven bricked shut.</p><br>
<h3>1890–1941: School and factory</h3><br>
<p>In 1890, four small rural school districts in the area were consolidated into the Le Roy Union Free School District, the precursor of todays Le Roy Central School District. The following year the new districts trustees voted to acquire the house and school from the institute for $10,000 ($ in contemporary dollars). The institute&#39;s trustees in turn voted to dissolve it. Seven years later, in 1898, the school district built a stone addition, the extant building, onto the frame building.</p><br>
<p>By 1904 it had been renamed Le Roy Union High School. Its student population soon outgrew this space, and seven years later the current Le Roy Junior/Senior High School was built across Main Street and Trigon Park. The old school&#39;s last year was 1911; it has not been used for educational purposes since.</p><br>
<p>The house and school were bought by Allen Olmsted, owner of a local company that manufactured patent medicines, primarily Allen&#39;s Foot-Ease powder. He allowed the school district to use the house as a residence for its administrator until a local historical society was organized. The school building he converted into a factory and offices. The basement was used for grinding and mixing; the first story as offices. A freight lift was installed, and a second-story passage built between the stone and wood buildings.</p><br>
<h3>1941–present: Museum</h3><br>
<p>In 1941 the local historical society was finally established and took title to the house, restoring the bake oven and brick hearth in the basement kitchen soon afterwards. Olmsted&#39;s company was bought by Buffalo-based Foster-Milburn two years later. It continued manufacturing operations in Le Roy for another two years, then moved them to Buffalo. When it did, it transferred the remainder of the property to the historical society.</p><br>
<p>The last change to the house was made in 1958. The rear porch was reconstructed since the original stone wall had deteriorated. It was replaced with a concrete wall. The windows were removed and the space beneath the porch entirely enclosed.</p><br>
<p>The wooden west wing that had served as the original school in the 1860s was demolished in 1962. A new roof and gutter were installed in 1985, and Lexan and wire cloth were added to the basement windows to protect against damage from stray balls on the nearby softball field, also used for Little League. Further renovations were made in 1996 in anticipation of an exhibit on the centenary of Jell-O. This included the installation of electricity, a security system and refinishings of the exhibit rooms on the first floor, including the installation of modern track lighting.</p><br>
<p>The Marion Steam Shovel, also known as the Le Roy Steam Shovel, is a historic Model 91 steam shovel manufactured by the Marion Steam Shovel and Dredge Company of Marion, Ohio. It is located on Gulf Road in the Town of Le Roy, New York, United States.</p><br>
<p>Representative of the type of technology developed in the late 19th century and early 20th century to provide large, inexpensive supplies of crushed stone for the vast American railroad network and later for the road construction, it is believed to be the largest intact steam shovel remaining in the world, and may have been used in the excavation of the Panama Canal. No longer operational, it was moved to its current site in the mid-20th century. It is currently owned by the town. In 2008 it became the first steam shovel listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the only listing in the Town of Le Roy and the easternmost in Genesee County.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The shovel is located on the north side of Gulf Road, 2 mi east-northeast of the village of Le Roy, just opposite the driveway into the Hanson Company&#39;s limestone quarry. It is in a field behind a fence with locked gate. On the road there is space to pull vehicles over and look at it. The Register listing includes an area of about 0.1 acre, delineated by a perimeter 10 ft around the shovel.</p><br>
<p>While the original decorations have largely faded off the side, in several places on the shovel the Marion name is cast and legible. The model number plates have been removed, but the patent plate is still in place. The shovel weighs 105 ST.</p><br>
<p>Its main section is the size of a railroad boxcar, 18 ft wide by 42 ft long, with an arched roof and siding of riveted sheet metal, now rusted. The operators cab is on the east-facing front end, with most of the rest of the section housing the shovels three steam engines and a 5 by boiler, no longer in working condition, with horizontal flues. A plate on its door bears the number 5304. An 8 ft coal bin was added to the rear after it was built. The section rests on two pairs of caterpillar tracks, one pair out in front on a 20 ft outrigger, the other in the middle.</p><br>
<p>The largest of the three engines is the hoisting engine. It is a double-cylinder horizontal type with a 12 in bore and 16 in stroke. In addition to powering the hoist, it provided locomotive power and could move the shovel at speeds of a 1/4 mph. About 50 ft of the hoist chain has been removed.</p><br>
<p>Both of the other engines have an 8 in bore. The swing engine, attached to a chain around the swing circle, moves the boom from side to side. The other engine, the boom or crowd engine, raises and lowers the dipper. Due to its exposure to the weather, it is no longer in working condition. The other two, wholly inside the main section, were more protected from the elements and could be operated with compressed air.</p><br>
<p>On the east end is the outrigger. It consists of two joined arms connected by gears and chains to the appropriate engines. At the end is the bucket, with a capacity of 2+1/2 cubic yards. Beneath it is a small pile of rocks.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Marion Power Shovel Company came into being in the 1880s as a collaboration between a frustrated shovel operator turned inventor and an industrialist. The former, Henry Barnhart, designed a new shovel that he hoped would break down less frequently than existing models. He went into business with financial backing from Edward Huber and patented the idea in 1883. The following year they partnered with another industrialist, George King, and started the company in Marion, Ohio. Over the next decades it grew into a major manufacturer of construction equipment.</p><br>
<p>Steam shovels were in particular demand due to the need for crushed stone as ballast in the nation&#39;s railroad network, a demand that expanded in the early 20th century as roads began to be graveled and paved for use by motor vehicles. Le Roy, near the Onondaga Escarpment, was a prime location for limestone quarrying, atop a 150 ft layer of the stone. Since shortly after its settlement in the early 19th century, Le Roy had supported several such operations. Most of the limestone had been produced for architectural use, and a number of extant buildings in the Le Roy area, including the Lathrop Chapel at Machpelah Cemetery, are made of locally quarried limestone.</p><br>
<p>What eventually became the General Crushed Stone Company was founded in 1899 when the Duerr Contracting Company took over the Le Roy operations of a Tyrone, Pennsylvania, man who had been unable to meet the demands of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, a major customer. After two reorganizations, it became General Crushed Stone in 1902. Headquarters were in South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The companys president, James Madison Porter, equipped the quarries it operated with new equipment, particularly what was at the time the worlds largest rock crusher. It began to pioneer the new field of manufacturing aggregate, particularly a patented blend called Amiesite, for road surfaces. By 1906 it had contracts for 500,000 ST of stone annually, two-thirds of which were purchased by the railroad. The Le Roy quarry produced 2,000 ST a day, most of which was shipped to the rail yards at Sayre, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>On March 14, 1906 the local newspaper at the time, the Le Roy Gazette, reported on the new equipment that began operation that day. In addition to the rock crusher, it mentioned a "100-ton steam shovel that was manufactured specifically for General Crushed Stone by the Barnard Steam Shovel Company of Marion, Ohio." It cannot be determined if the shovel described is the one currently on the site since a 1932 photograph of the quarry shows two such shovels in action. The Gazette describes the bucket as holding 5 cubic yards, twice the capacity of the extant shovel&#39;s bucket, but the shovel was modified considerably after purchase and it is possible a smaller replacement bucket could have been installed as part of those changes.</p><br>
<p>Company lore always claimed that the shovel was one of two purchased by General Crushed Stone in 1911 from the Isthmian Canal Commission, which had just finished building the Panama Canal; no documentation has yet been found to support this. It is possible since the shovel is one of 131 Model 91s that Marion manufactured during the first decade of the 20th century. Sixteen were purchased by the commission and used to dig the canal; one of them set what was then a world record in 1912 when it dug 5,554 cubic yards of earth from a pit at the site of Gatun Dam. The model plates have been removed from the Le Roy shovel, but it has been conclusively identified as a Model 91 since its dimensions match those in Marion&#39;s archived corporate records for the line. No other 91s are known to survive.</p><br>
<p>The Model 91 required eight workers to operate. Four worked in the main section. The operator sat in the front booth and used levers to move the hoist and lift and lower the bucket. When it was time to move the shovel he took care of that as well. A cranesman, who sat on the left-hand side of the boom, controlled the crowd engine, which allowed him to set the depth of the cut and release the bucket&#39;s contents when it was full by tugging on a wire rope attached to it. In the rear was an engineer who tended the boiler and a fireman who shoveled the coal.</p><br>
<p>Outside the shovel a crew of four took up and laid the track along which its flanged wheels moved. They also set up the jackscrews necessary to stabilize the shovel in front of the rock face it was digging and dismantled them when it was time to move. This aspect of the excavation process proved to be time-consuming and labor-intensive, as well as dangerous, for such a large piece of machinery. In 1916 Marion began selling conversion kits to allow the shovel to be placed on caterpillar treads; seven years later the General Crushed Stone shovels were so modified.</p><br>
<p>The Model 91 continued in use at the Le Roy quarry through the 1930s, gradually being displaced by newer diesel-powered equipment. At some point before World War II its original wood siding was replaced with the current metal. It continued to be used during the war and managed to avoid the scrap metal drives. In 1949 it was taken out of service and moved to its present location.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1960s the Town of Le Roy acquired the land on which the steam shovel sits. The quarry across the road has remained in operation, now under the ownership of Dolomite (CRH Americas Materials) who donated the stone for the pull-off area to view the shovel.</p><br>
<p>Research continues on whether the shovel actually was used on the Panama Canal.</p><br>
<p>The Durham School was a historic schoolhouse on Durham Road  in Durham, Arkansas. It was a single-story Craftsman style stone structure, with a gable roof, and entrances at the opposite gable ends. Built in 1829, the school had three classrooms and space for a teacher&#39;s living quarters. It was used until the Durham school district was consolidated into that of Elkins in 1948. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The building has since been destroyed by fire, and was delisted from the Register in 2018.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Durham School is an historic, American school building that is located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>Listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1988, it is now occupied by the Independence Charter School.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1909, this historic building was erected as part of a major construction program after the School District of Philadelphia was reorganized and consolidated in 1905.</p><br>
<p>Between 1906 and World War I, the district built forty-four elementary schools, one junior high school, and five senior high schools. The architect of this program, Henry deCourcy Richards, used a number of plans in different architectural styles, including Regency architecture, Colonial Revival, Georgian Revival, Classical Revival, Jacobethan, Mediterranean Revival, and Academic Gothic. In some cases, he built multiple schools from each pattern, but varied the ornamentation of individual buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Durham School was one of his Regency designs. One of his plainest designs for the district, it was also one of the cheapest to build, defining characteristics that may have been related to the building&#39;s location in a predominantly African-American neighborhood.</p><br>
<h3>Present day</h3><br>
<p>The Thomas Durham School building is now occupied by Independence Charter School.</p><br>
<p>Dammon Round Barn is a round barn just southeast of Red Wing, Minnesota, United States, adjacent to USA Route 61. The barn is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was built in 1914, with a foundation of Mississippi River limestone, and is 60 ft in diameter and 60 ft high. It was built during a time of agricultural growth in Goodhue County, when dairy cow herds were averaging 25 cows per farm and farmers were starting to build specialized barns. The round barn design was built around a silo and provided insulation for the silage, as well as making feeding and cleaning easier. Despite their efficiency round barns were difficult to construct, and they were not widely adopted. Later in its history the barn was used for honey production of the beekeeping owners of the farm. In 2000 the farm was purchased by Robin and Elaine Kleffman and the Dammon Barn underwent some significant restoration. A straightening of the walls and replacement of the original pillars for the upper floor support and a leveling and new installation of a floor in the top level of the barn makes this one of the most premiere remaining round barns in Minnesota. In 2017 this historic barn became integral in a MN wedding venue in Red Wing. The second floor hayloft now serves as a dance floor for weddings from May through October each year.</p><br>
<p>In the book by John Roscoe (Lakeside Press, Inc 2019) it is written that only 48 Round Barns remain in existence in Minnesota. Roscoes book documents and preserves the existence and distinct type of barns in our nation&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The barn is now part of a bed and breakfast and a top. The 8,000 ft&sup2; facility is available as a venue for Minnesota weddings.</p><br>
<p>Boyce is a disused train station located at the junction of Boyce Road and the tracks of the Chartiers Branch in Upper St. Clair, Pennsylvania, United States. It was built in 1900, and housed not only the rail operations but a post office and general store for the small community it served.</p><br>
<p>After falling vacant when traffic on the line declined and the rise of the automobile made the surrounding less dependent on the commercial operations and passenger rail service, it was restored in 1980. It is the only intact example of a rail station in the Pittsburgh area that served as a local commercial center. In 1982 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Boyce Station.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The T-shaped frame building on a concrete block foundation is two stories high and three bays wide, with a one-story addition on the southwest. It has a cross-gabled roof of seamed tin with a plain cornice.</p><br>
<p>A 32 ft porch runs the length of the front (east) facade. Its flat tin roof is supported by four square chamfered wood posts. Its deck is on brick piers. There is another, smaller porch of similar material in the northwest corner of the building. The windows and doors (in the middle of both stories) are all trimmed with flat boards and incised board with shallow pedimented top. The windows all have shutters.</p><br>
<p>Inside, both stories have three rooms apiece, all of which retain many of their original features. The southwest addition contains an entrance foyer, bathroom and office.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It took several decades to build a rail line down the Chartiers Creek valley and connect Pittsburgh and Washington. Service between the two cities began in 1871 with mixed freight and passenger trains. During the next decade, coal, oil and gas extraction began in earnest in Washington County, driving up traffic on the line and forcing the railroad to start running separate freight and passenger service. The Pittsburgh, St. Louis and Cincinnati Railway, then the owners of the line, began to improve its facilities.</p><br>
<p>By 1900, it was necessary to add a second track. The Boyce Station was built around this time. The rail business remained profitable until the mid-20th century, when trucking began to draw away freight traffic and automobiles travel became the preferred choice for travelers in Western Pennsylvania. The last passenger train stopped at Boyce in 1952.</p><br>
<p>The line ultimately became property of the Penn Central, which neglected it as it fell into bankruptcy. The second track was eventually removed. Conrail took it over, and when that concern was dismantled by the federal government it eventually passed to its current owner, the Pittsburgh and Ohio Central Railroad, a short line operator.</p><br>
<p>The station declined along with the railroad until 1980, when it was purchased by Roland Ramsay, a corporate psychologist who found it an ideal location for a new consulting business he had started. He began to learn about the building&#39;s historic status, and eventually had it renovated to reflect its historical appearance and successfully nominated it to the National Register. His company is still located there.</p><br>
<p>The Gifford–Walker Farm, also known as the Alice Walker Farm, is located on North Bergen Road  in North Bergen, New York, United States. Its farmhouse is a two-story Carpenter Gothic style structure built in 1870.</p><br>
<p>It has remained largely intact since it was construction, and has only been owned by three families. In 1980 it and an accompanying barn and shed were listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the northernmost property in the county listed.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The farm is located along the north side of North Bergen Road in the small rural hamlet of North Bergen, part of the Town of Bergen. It is just west of Wood Road, a quarter-mile (400 m) south of the Orleans County line, southwest of the tripoint the two counties share with Monroe County. There is a church across the street and some other houses on either side, all with large lots, some of them also cultivated. North of the house the fields stretch 69 acre, with the northern 22 acre across the county line in the town of Clarendon. The three buildings are all located near North Bergen, at the south end of the property.</p><br>
<p>The house is a T-shaped frame two-story structure seven bays wide with board-and-batten siding rising to a steeply pitched cross-gabled roof covered in asphalt shingles. On the north (rear) elevation the central section telescopes into three progressively smaller sections. The two smaller units are sided in shingle; an enclosed porch is on the northeast corner of a clapboard-sided wing on the east of the smallest extension.</p><br>
<p>In the center of the front (south) facade is a recessed porch that serves as the main entrance. On its west side is a bay window with 36 separate panes of glass. The porch is screened by four fluted Corinthian columns. Above them the second story has a Gothic railing with four square latticework piers supporting the three ogee arches that shelter a small recessed balcony. Ogee trim also tops all windows save those in the inside of the porch and balcony, both sided in flushboard. The roofline&#39;s overhanging eaves are trimmed with decorative hand-sawn vergeboard.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the house is laid out with a living room, dining room and kitchen in line from front to back on the first floor of the stem of the T. The east wing has a parlor; the west a family room. Many rooms, particularly the living room, retain their original "grained" Gothic-style woodwork.</p><br>
<p>There are two outbuildings. A barn behind the house is painted in red with white trim and has the name "G H Walker" on it. A frame shed to the northwest is similar to the barn but is not in as good condition. The frame shed collapsed and was taken down in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Aaron Gifford, postmaster of North Bergen, built the house around 1870 as the homestead for what was then a hundred-acre (40 ha) farm. The Carpenter Gothic style had been popularized several decades earlier in the pattern books of Andrew Jackson Downing, and these were often used by builders without any architectural training. The house shows many features of the style, such as the decorative vergeboards, steep cross-gabled roofs and vertical siding, the latter of which Downing recommended as more economical and better in tune with natural surroundings.</p><br>
<p>The bay window west of the main entrance, not a feature found on every Carpenter Gothic home, was also a feature praised by Downing. In The Architecture of Country Houses, he wrote that they gave "an air of dignity even to the smallest dwellings. The linear quality of the home suggests the Federal and Greek Revival styles used for many rural homes earlier in the 19th century, and the unknown builder, familiar with those modes, may have unconsciously been recalling them.</p><br>
<p>Gifford sold the farm to a Walker family in 1891. They seem to have added the two smaller rear wings and the east wing adjoining them to the house. At the time of the property&#39;s listing on the Register, when the Walkers still owned the house, the front porch was blocked by shrubs and the rear porch was instead used as the main entrance. The house was sold by auction in 1986 and purchased by William and Bonnie Perkins of Byron, NY for the purpose of renovation and resale. For four years the entire house was worked on: gutted and modernized without damage to any of the woodwork and character. The front porch steps were restored to the front porch. Their daughter, Jennifer Weaver, began renting the house in 1991 and eventually purchased the house in 2000. In 2018 the house was sold to Matt and Caitlyn Mckenrick. There have been no other changes to the house.</p><br>
<p>Mount Pleasant is a farm complex located in the Town of Pembroke, New York, United States, east of the hamlet of Indian Falls. It was established in the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>The main dwelling is a sophisticated Italianate style wood frame house. It and the other buildings have remained mostly intact since their construction. The farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The farm is located on the south side of Indian Falls Road (Genesee County Route 4), a half-mile (1 km) west of where the road bends to the south and crosses the New York State Thruway and 3.5 mi east of New York State Route 77 just south of Tonawanda Creek and the hamlet of Indian Falls. The terrain is generally level and the area rural, with most land used for fields and houses clustered along the road. The Mt. Pleasant property is a 31 acre parcel bordered by the Thruway on the south. A southern portion on the opposite side of the Thruway is no longer visually and physically connected with the farm and is not included with the listing.</p><br>
<p>An original circular driveway leads into a triangular, uncleared northern portion of the property where the buildings are located. Hedgerows of mature trees separate this grassy area from the farmland. A three-foot (1 m) retaining wall of Medina sandstone sets off the main house from the road. The farm has a total of eight contributing resources, five buildings and three structures.</p><br>
<h3>Main house</h3><br>
<p>The house itself is a clapboard-sided stricture with five sections. Its main block is a two-story rectangular structure with a gently pitched hipped roof pierced by a square central cupola. Both it and the house itself have wide overhanging eaves supported by paired brackets. The four-over-four double-hung sash windows are flanked by louvered wooden shutters and topped by wooden lintels with miniature brackets.</p><br>
<p>Its main entrance is on the west elevation, sheltered by a porch with clustered columns supporting a roof with decorative scrollwork balustrade. From this side projects a one-and-a-half-story wing with a shallow hip roof. It has a porch on its north facade with a similar treatment to the one on the main block. A brick flue pierces its roof at the west.</p><br>
<p>Three segmental gable-roofed additions project to the south of the west wing. The westernmost is one and a half stories, with wide projecting eaves supported by paired brackets with pendants. A brick chimney pierces the roof at the center. The wing&#39;s west side has a small porch similar to the other two, and a shed-roofed projection on its east. On its rear is the carriage house, with a belfry on top, and on its south the privy, with its original planked door.</p><br>
<p>The main house&#39;s floor plan has remained relatively unchanged, save for some changes to the bedrooms on the first floor. Many of its finishes are original as well, such as the door and window surrounds, moldings, wainscoting, high ceilings and pine flooring. The front hall and parlor (now a bedroom) have their original plaster ceiling medallions. The cold pantry has slate walls and the kitchen pantry its original marble shelves. The stairway to the cupola has been enclosed, the only change on the second floor.</p><br>
<h3>Outbuildings</h3><br>
<p>Due south of the main house is a garage, believed to be the original house on the property. It is a one-story gabled wood-frame structure with its original vertical board siding, paneled door and shed-roofed addition on the west. To its east is the original smokehouse, a one-story brick building on a stone foundation with a shallow hip roof.</p><br>
<p>The barn is to the west. It is a two-and-a-half-story structure with vertical siding, gambrel roof and assorted window configurations, with large sliding doors on the east elevation. On the east side of the barnyard formed between it and a second barn formerly to its east is one of the original wells, the three contributing structures. The other two wells are to the east and west of the main house.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The farm was established around 1847 by Abram Mook, a German American from Pennsylvania who bought several tracts in the area from the Holland Land Company. In addition to clearing and farming them, he built what is now Indian Falls Road from North Pembroke Road to the old Indian trail that is now NY 77. The 1850 census lists his net worth at $3,500 ($ in contemporary dollars).</p><br>
<p>In 1854 he bought the two parcels that make up the current farm and moved onto it. Records from that year show that the current garage was in existence at the time; it may have been the family residence. Mook and his brothers built a suspension bridge across the Tonawanda to connect their farms; the 1860 census shows that his family had grown by two and his wealth considerably increased.</p><br>
<p>The following year he hired seven carpenters to build the current house, replacing one on another nearby piece of land he owned that had burned down. The yellow pine and decorative features were shipped to Lockport on the Erie Canal and then delivered to the construction site. The building contrasts the ornamentation of a sophisticated Italianate villa of the time with the form of a more vernacular farmhouse of the time, particularly the projecting wings.</p><br>
<p>Mook died in 1908. His son lost the house to foreclosure the next year, and it and the farm became the property of the Stang brothers for $5,210 ($ in contemporary dollars). In 1945 they sold it to LaVerne Lamkin, who owned it until the early 21st century.</p><br>
<p>The Lake Street Historic District is located along the west side of that street, state highway NY 19, in downtown Bergen, New York, United States. It contains several of Romanesque Revival style buildings from the last decades of the 19th century and the first two of the early 20th. Most were built after the village banned wooden buildings following two devastating fires in the area. One is currently used as Bergen&#39;s municipal building.</p><br>
<p>Several of the buildings have intact cast iron storefronts. It was designated a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and buildings</h2><br>
<p>The district consists of 11 buildings along the west side of the street. Two, 10 and 12 South Lake Street, are south of Buffalo Street. The remainder, 11–27 North Lake, are to the north. The CSX railroad tracks bound the district on the north. All fill most of their lots, for a total area of 2.3 acre and are contributing properties to the district&#39;s historic character.</p><br>
<p>All but one, 23 North Lake Street, are two-story structures with flat roofs. Many have decorative details such as cornices with corbels, brackets and dentils. Another common feature is the cast iron storefronts, most of which have similar decorative details and remain intact from their original construction. The upper stories are used for offices and residences.</p><br>
<p>The 11 buildings are:</p><br>
<p>10 South Lake Street, a two-story, four-bay flat-roofed brick Romanesque Revival structure with a cast iron storefront. It was built in 1888, with the original cast-iron cornice replaced in 1930.</p><br>
<p>Masonic Temple, 12 South Lake Street. The organization built this to replace its original building, destroyed in the 1906 fire. It is also a two-story brick building with a flat roof, but is only two bays wide, with large tripartite windows and segmental arch treatments.</p><br>
<p>Tulley Block, 11 North Lake Street. The same size, shape and material as 10 South Lake, its front facade is topped with a pedimented parapet with "1886", the year of its construction, in the entablature and a finial rising from the crest. A similar feature on the 10-bay south facade, along Buffalo Street, has "Tulley Block" in the entablature, and a mural of scenes from local history. The second story has a projecting bay window with a small cast iron balustrade. It is currently used as the village hall.</p><br>
<p>13 North Lake Street. One of the first new buildings erected after the 1880 fire, it is like the others to the south save for its three-bay width. It, too, has a parapet and pediment with date in the entablature. The cast iron storefront retains its original metal coping, corbel, finials and brackets.</p><br>
<p>15 North Lake Street. A copy of its neighbor to the south, built a year later with no parapet. The cornice was altered in 1906 and a brick veneer was added around 1950.</p><br>
<p>17 North Lake Street. A four-bay structure otherwise similar to its southern neighbor.</p><br>
<p>19 North Lake Street. Similar in size, shape and material to 17 North Lake. Storefront is unaltered, and window lintels are stone segmental arches.</p><br>
<p>Sackett-Merrill-White American Legion Home, 21 North Lake Street. Another two-story four-bay building dating to 1881. Its distinctive features are a detailed corbeled cornice and segmental arched windows with radiating voussoirs.</p><br>
<p>23 North Lake Street. The youngest contributing property in the district, and the only one to be one story. This small grocery store was built in 1921, with stone coping and decorative brickwork. Its storefront is still the original cast iron.</p><br>
<p>25 North Lake Street. A single-bay building otherwise similar to its other neighbors. Built in 1913, it has similar decorative brickwork to its neighbor at 21 and a detailed corbelled cornice. The second story bay window was resided in shingle in 1971, the storefront has also been altered.</p><br>
<p>Housel Bank, 27 North Lake Street. Three bays wide and otherwise similar, this dates to 1906. It has a corbeled cornice and the only quoins in the district. The second story has tripartite windows with flat brick arches. Its storefront was also altered in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Bergen, first settled in 1801, began growing as a small hamlet that served the farms around it. This accelerated after 1836 when the Buffalo and Rochester Railroad was built just north of it. The New York Centrals absorption of the railroad in 1853 further fueled development. Around the Civil War, Bergens downtown had four blocks of frame commercial buildings.</p><br>
<p>In early 1866, a fire destroyed the buildings on three blocks of the west side of Lake Street in the present historic district. The community&#39;s economy was strong enough to absorb the loss and rebuild. Growth continued and Bergen incorporated as a village in 1877.</p><br>
<p>Three years later, another fire in the same area destroyed 45 buildings and structures, 31 of which were businesses. Frame buildings were prohibited as a result, and the replacement buildings were brick. Within two years of the fire the buildings at 13 through 27 North Lake were built, with cast iron storefronts and Romanesque Revival detailing representing the trends of the time. The Tulley Block at the corner with Buffalo Street came along in 1886.</p><br>
<p>Bergen was at its most prosperous during the next decades. New businesses, such as a cigar factory, creamery and gas and coal works, were built in the area. Another fire, in 1906, destroyed older buildings at the north end of the row. They were replaced more slowly, with only 25 North Lake going up immediately afterwards. Seven years later, in 1913, it was joined by 27 North Lake next door. The two show touches, like patterned brickwork, more typical of early 20th century vernacular commercial buildings. The Masonic Temple, also destroyed in the fire, built a new home at 12 South Lake Street.</p><br>
<p>The empty space left by the 1906 fire was finally filled in 1921 with 23 Lake Street, a grocery store that is today the only one-story building in the district. That would be the last significant building in it. Bergen and its industries went into decline in the Great Depression. The Housel Bank at 27 North Lake closed. Later the railroads were displaced by the construction of interstates such as the nearby Interstate 490 and New York State Thruway. In an attempt under urban renewal in the late 1960s and early 1970s to revive Bergen&#39;s downtown, the east side of Lake Street was largely demolished in favor of newer buildings.</p><br>
<p>The village has subsequently recovered somewhat as a bedroom community midway between the larger communities of Rochester and Batavia. The village has made Tulley Block its offices, and some of the storefronts are home to businesses again. A few have been altered, but the district retains its historical appearance.</p><br>
<p>St. Johns is an Episcopal church located in Hampton, Virginia, United States, within the Episcopal Diocese of Southern Virginia. Established in 1610, St. Johns is the oldest English-speaking parish in continuous existence in the United States of America.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>English settlers from Jamestown established a community and church on the tip of the Virginia Peninsula on July 9, 1610, one month after Lord De La Warr arrived at Jamestown with supplies that effectively ended the Starving Time in that settlement. This new settlement was named after the Algonquian-speaking Kecoughtan who lived in the area.</p><br>
<h3>First parish site, 1610–1623</h3><br>
<p>Excavations in the Church Creek area of Hampton indicate that the earliest English settlements were near present-day LaSalle and Chesapeake Avenues. The first minister of the new parish was the Reverend William Mease who was appointed by the Bishop of London to lead the church at Kecoughtan.</p><br>
<h3>Second parish site, 1623–1667</h3><br>
<p>In 1619 the settlement was renamed Elizabeth Cittie. By 1623 the town had re-established itself east of Hampton River, where the second church of “Elizabeth City” parish was built. The site is included within the grounds of what is now Hampton University. Abandoned in 1667 after a third church was built, the foundations of the second church were discovered in 1910. It was a small wooded structure to which a vestibule was added later. Today, the original foundations and some of the brick floor have been excavated and can be seen at the second site, along with information, conjectural paintings, and a historical marker. Artifacts found during the excavation are on display in the St. John&#39;s Parish House museum.</p><br>
<h3>Third parish site, 1667–1728</h3><br>
<p>The third building of the parish was constructed more than a mile to the west of the second church at "Westwoods Town Quarter", indicating that there was growth of the town on the west side of Hampton River. Like the previous structure, it was made of wood and was of similar size. This building continued in use for about 60 years. The site is located off West Pembroke Avenue east of LaSalle Avenue and features a historical marker, building foundations outlined by bricks, several 17th and 18th-century gravestones, and a protective brick wall.</p><br>
<h3>Fourth parish site, 1728–present</h3><br>
<p>In the early 18th century, activity centered about the busy port which has become downtown Hampton. The parishioners petitioned the Governor for permission to relocate their place of worship closer to the population center. It was granted, and construction of the fourth church on one and one half acres on the outskirts of Hampton began. Henry Cary Jr. of Williamsburg completed the present cruciform building in 1728. A belfry was added to the west front in 1762. The building was damaged in the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and (most extensively) the Civil War. It took the parish several decades to complete repair the church after the War of 1812.</p><br>
<p>After full restoration, on Saturday, 6 March 1830, Bishop Richard Channing Moore, Bishop of Virginia, consecrated the church with its new name St. Johns. The building was damaged again during the Civil War on 7 August 1861. In an attempt to keep the town from Union occupation, Confederate soldiers set fire to homes, businesses and the church. The great bell was destroyed, and only the blackened walls remained by the time Union soldiers occupied the town and camped in the churchyard. As a result of the fire, St. Johns is the only surviving colonial structure in downtown Hampton. At wars end, contributions due to a widespread appeal to rebuild the church were used. Restoration was finished around 1869/1870. Although the exteriors colonial appearance was restored (except for the belfry), the interior reflects the late 19th-century Victorian influence. Early in the 20th century, the rear tower was added, the west gallery was built in 1957, the chapel completed in 1985, and the current manual tracker organ installed in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>Points of interest</h2><br>
<p>The 1618 Communion silver used today have the longest history of continuous use in America of any English church silver. The pieces were brought from England in 1619 and used in a church founded in 1618 located in Smiths Hundred in Virginia, which lay in the point between the Chickahominy and the James Rivers, eight miles northwest of Jamestown. The church was nearly destroyed in the Indian Massacre of 22 March 1622(NS). The silver was carried by Governor George Yeardley to Jamestown and afterward, approximately 1628, given to the second Elizabeth City Church, which had just been built. St. Johns continues to use communion silver on special occasions.</p><br>
<p>In 1887 the Native American students from the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute (now Hampton University) contributed to a stained glass window depicting the baptism of Pocahontas.</p><br>
<p>On the chapel wall to the left of the main altar is an aumbry. The door panel consists of pieces of the 13th-century stained glass from St. Helena Church, Willoughby, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom - the parish in which Captain John Smith was baptized. The panel was presented to the St. Johns Parish by the rector of Willoughby St. Helena on Sunday, 14 July 1985, as part of St. Johns 375th anniversary celebration.</p><br>
<h2>Mission Churches of St. John&#39;s</h2><br>
<h3>St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church (Newport News, VA)</h3><br>
<h3>Emmanuel Episcopal Church (Hampton, VA)</h3><br>
<h3>St. Cyprian&#39;s Episcopal Church (Hampton, VA)</h3><br>
<h3>Grace Episcopal Church, (Newport News, VA)</h3><br>
<h3>St. Mark&#39;s Episcopal Church (Hampton, VA)</h3><br>
<p>The Bowles House in Westminster, Colorado is a brick Italianate house built in 1871 by Edward Bruce Bowles and his wife Mahala Elizabeth Longan. Bowles is largely credited for bringing the Colorado & Southern Railroad to the present-day Westminster area.</p><br>
<p>Bowles came from Missouri to the Colorado Territory at age 17. In 1871, at about 24 years of age he married Mahala, and they homesteaded the land on which the house stands. Bowles was the second pioneer settler in the area, after Pleasant DeSpain who arrived in 1870 and whose farm was to the north of the Bowles House.</p><br>
<p>The Bowles House was originally constructed as a wood frame homestead cabin (no longer extant) but was rebuilt entirely from brick in 1876. The house was unusual for a rural ranch setting, as it included stylish and costly features: rounded windows, decorative brackets under the eaves, rooftop cresting, bargeboards on the gables, and an elaborate front porch.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The Bowles House was recognized as one of the earliest and most detailed examples of Italianate style in Westminster and as an icon of early Westminster settlement.</p><br>
<p>The house is owned by the City of Westminster and operated as a historic house museum by the Westminster Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The Bethlehem Green Historic District is a historic district in the center of the town of Bethlehem, Connecticut, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 for the architectural significance of the houses around the town green. The historic district includes the green and 63 contributing properties over an area of 55 acre.</p><br>
<p>The Bethlehem Green is a triangular park bounded on the east by Route 61 (Main Street), on the north by Route 132 (West Road), and on the west by the street called "The Green". Within the green are five tablet monuments and a large green boulder monument listing names of Bethlehem residents who served in various wars from the American Revolution to World War II. A flagpole lies opposite the monuments. Maple trees have been planted around the perimeter of the green, and a large evergreen tree (decorated as a Christmas tree in winter) is located in the center of the green.</p><br>
<p>Historic buildings around the green include the Congregational church (1790), the townhouse (1839), the Episcopal Church (1832), two 18th-century taverns now used as residences, a general store built on the site of a former store built in the 19th century, and a former school building.</p><br>
<p>The district is also the site of the Bellamy-Ferriday House and Garden (Joseph Bellamy House), which is listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places, and of the original meetinghouse of Bethlehem built in 1767. The original meetinghouse no longer stands but its site is marked by a granite obelisk.</p><br>
<p>The Stafford Village Four Corners Historic District is located at the junction of New York state routes 5 and 237 in Stafford, New York, United States. It is a collection of six buildings of various types from the 19th century, one of which is the oldest house in Genesee County.</p><br>
<p>Stafford was the first European settlement on the Holland Purchase, continuously occupied since 1798. Together the buildings constitute a well-preserved 19th century Western New York downtown. All the buildings are still used for their original purpose, save a store which was later converted to town hall. It was recognized as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district is located at the intersection of the two highways, roughly midway between the larger communities of Batavia and Le Roy along Route 5. It is the southern terminus of Route 237, which leads to Morganville a short distance to the north. The area is a small hamlet of houses and commercial buildings amid a rural landscape of farm complexes and large worked fields, with a golf course to the north.</p><br>
<p>All four corners are within the boundaries of these 5.7 acre. On the lots are six buildings. All are contributing wood frame structures built in the 19th century. They include two houses, two stores, a church and a seminary. A small park at the northeastern corner was the site of a hotel which burned down in the 1920s.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Joseph Ellicott began his survey of the Holland Purchase, most of present-day Western New York, in 1798. He established a storehouse at the intersection of an old Iroquois trail and his eastern transit. The settlement quickly earned the name Transit, and a post office was established.</p><br>
<p>The next year a survey crew working for Ellicott was boarded there. While waiting for work to start, its leader, James Dewey, cleared land for a small vegetable garden. This was the first agricultural use of the Holland lands.</p><br>
<p>Frederick Walther, who had established an inn at the junction, wrote to Ellicott that the garden&#39;s yield was good, reflecting the quality of soil in the region. An 1800 map of that portion of the Holland lands denotes intersection as "Walther", likely since he was the only resident. By 1804 he had built a Federal style inn just north of the Indian trail.</p><br>
<p>Five years later, in 1809, the Marvin-Radley-Diefendorf House was built in the same style on the southwest corner of the junction. Unlike the inn, it is extant, making it the oldest house in Genesee County. In 1822, settlement had advanced enough that the Town of Stafford was established. The Greek Revival Radley-Worthington House went up on the southeast corner in 1831.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church was built next door in the Carpenter Gothic style in 1841. That year, the junction dropped its original name of Transit and began being known as Stafford Four Corners, since it was the center of the town. Seven years later, in 1848, the Greek Revival seminary, now used as a parish house, was erected next to the church. Sanders Store came along two years afterward.</p><br>
<p>In 1890 the Odd Fellows Hall at the northwest corner, the newest contributing property, was built. Walther&#39;s hotel burned down in 1922. The site remained undeveloped, and is today a park with military memorials. No modern infill has been built within the district.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>Independent Order of Odd Fellows Lodge #222, on the northwest corner. This two-story 1890 building with a hipped roof, front gabled pediment and twin pyramidal towers was enlarged in the late 1910s. The south (front) facade has a metal canopy running the length of the first story and an unusual assortment of single and paired windows on the second. It still serves as a lodge, with stores on the lower level.</p><br>
<p>Marvin-Radley-Diefendorf House, southwest of the Sanders Store on the southwest corner. The oldest portion of this two-story five-bay hip-roofed brick house dates to 1809. A central Palladian window tops a full-length porch on the north (front) elevation.</p><br>
<p>Radley-Worthington House, southeast corner. An imposing front portico provides the entrance to this clapboard-sided one-story Greek Revival house built in 1831. Fluted Ionic columns support a dentilled architrave and large pediment, and a dentilled cornice with blank frieze runs the length of the house. Inside, the hallways have fluted engaged pilasters supporting an entablature and heavy flat cornice. One archway has a molded architrave with keystone. No architect is known, and it is likely that the owner, the Rev. Richard Radley, ordered these pieces from a catalog.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church, east of the Radley House. This 1841 clapboard-sided house of worship combines a Greek Revival architrave and pediment with pointed Gothic windows. The three-stage square front tower is topped by a balustrade with small turrets at the corners.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Seminary, next to the church. Now the parish house, this small Greek Revival building was originally a schoolhouse for the church. It became a seminary in 1852.</p><br>
<p>Sanders Store, southwest corner. Originally it was built in 1850 for a general store. In 1907 it began several years of renovations to convert it to its later use as Stafford&#39;s town hall (it has been vacant since the town moved to a newer building a short distance to the north on Route 237). Its combination of hip and gabled roof is one feature that reflects a combination of Greek Revival and vernacular influences. Other decorative touches include a cornice with pilasters supporting a large architrave, fan window with leaded glass in the north (front) gable field, and hip-roofed dormer window with diagonally muntined windows on the east elevation. An open-belfry tower with pyramidal roof on the northeast corner supports a modern fire siren.</p><br>
<p>US Post Office—Attica is a historic post office building located at Attica in Wyoming County, New York. It was designed and built in 1936-1937 as a Works Progress Administration project, and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, Louis A. Simon. It is a one-story brick structure on a stone watertable in the Colonial Revival style. The interior includes a mural painted in 1938 by Thomas Donnelly and titled Fall in the Genesee Country.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>US Post Office-Warsaw is a historic post office building located at Warsaw in Wyoming County, New York. It was designed and built in 1934-1935 as a Works Progress Administration project, and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, Louis A. Simon. It is a one-story, five bay steel frame brick structure on a raised reinforced concrete foundation in the Colonial Revival style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Tower Site  is a prehistoric village site dating from 1000 to 1499 AD and is closely associated with the Monongahela culture. Located around 4 mi north-west of Barnesville, Ohio, United States, the site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site was once a prehistoric village for the Monongahela and is just one of several village sites located throughout Ohio. Located on a high hilltop with an elevation of 1,360 ft, the site is located between the headwaters of two prominent creeks, it provided an excellent site for habitation.</p><br>
<p>The village encompassed around 2-3 acres of land with huts, refuse pits and burial features ringing a central plaza devoid of any structure. The site has yielded the human remains of 3 separate natives, two female and one male. Early local residents claimed the site as a burial ground due to a large amount of human remains found when a county road was laid out through the middle of the village site. The eastern side of the site has not been investigated as permission has been repeatedly refused by the landowner.</p><br>
<p>The site was abandoned sometime around 1500 AD for unknown reasons.</p><br>
<h2>Current Condition</h2><br>
<p>The location was fenced off to keep trespassers out and also to mark the village bounds from the local mining operations. The location also houses a radio relay tower, which lends its name to the site. The site was severely "potholed" (cylindrical sections are dug up and sifted, compared to a large square excavation), revealing pottery shards, bone fragments, arrow heads and beads. The many finds brought attention to the site as it was discovered to be a village instead of just a burial ground. Several excavations during the late 1970s by Kent State University&#39;s archaeological department further discovered hundreds of animal bone fragments, pottery shards, arrow heads, cannel coal pendants, shells, beads, as well as a burial pit containing a female skeleton.</p><br>
<p>The coal company completed most operations in the area of the Tower Site, leaving the site comparatively quiet. The fence has recently been removed as the site is under ongoing surveillance to protect it from vandals.</p><br>
<p>Brick Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church in Perry, Wyoming County, New York. The Gothic Revival-style church was built in 1909 of randome ashlar Pennsylvania limestone. It consists of a central octagonal structure housing the sanctuary surrounded by wings that give the structure a cruciform appearance. It features a massive square crenellated bell tower. It is a product of the Buffalo architectural firm of Green & Wicks.</p><br>
<p>The bricks for this church were made by James Russell Webster, whose property is also on the National Historic Registry.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>First Universalist Church of Portageville, also known as The Portageville Chapel, is a historic Universalist church in Portageville, Wyoming County, New York. It is a Greek Revival style structure with Gothic and Federal elements dating to 1841. The church features a two-stage square tower above the north gable of the building.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Imperial Glass Company is located in Bellaire, Ohio with a factory located on 29th Street and the offices located on Belmont Street. The factory was razed in 1995 to make room for commercial development and the Belmont Street location was transformed into a museum known as the National Imperial Glass Museum. The building was placed on the National Register on 1983-09-08.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Imperial Glass Company was founded in 1901 by Edward Muhleman, with production beginning in 1904. The handmade glasswares were sold worldwide and were usually made of pressed glass patterns. The factory located at 29th Street was labeled as one of the largest glass factories under one roof. The company&#39;s most famous product is their "Candlewick" series, which even has a street named for it in Bellaire.</p><br>
<p>The company hit rough times in the early 1970s and was close to bankruptcy. Imperial was saved by Lenox and turned to general manufacture, but low demand eventually led to its closure in 1984. The building on Belmont Street was eventually turned into a museum housing many pieces from the company&#39;s long run, as well as a history of the company.</p><br>
<p>Rock Hill Presbyterian Church is located at 52644 High Ridge Road in Bellaire, Ohio. The building was placed on the National Register on 2009-02-18.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Presbyterians first built a church on the site in the 1800s to house their congregation. It was a simple structure compared to the current one. The first church was destroyed by fire in 1895. The congregation began planning a larger, more elaborate church soon after but nothing was constructed until 1903.</p><br>
<p>The current building, which is still used today, was built in 1903 and was designed by Belmont County native George D. Giffin, whose father, Hugh Giffin, worshipped with the Rock Hill Presbyterian Church. The building cost $13,000 to produce.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The church is constructed of red brick with white wooden trim around the doors and windows. The church is designed in the shape of a cross with various entrances jutting from the basic form. The large hipped roof is supported by an entablature with dentil molding. Two large chimneys jut from the roofs along the northern and southern wings. The entrance is located in the large bell tower at the front of the building. The tower contains four pairs of arched openings supporting a large spire. A large bell hangs from a mounting in the tower.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>The interior is illuminated by large stained glass windows, which are protected by a second plain window. The interior floor plan was designed in an auditorium style layout. The original oak pews are arranged in concentric arches to let people better hear and see the preacher.</p><br>
<p>The Zweig Building is a historic commercial building in downtown Bellaire, Ohio, United States. Constructed in 1912, it is an early example of the Chicago school.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>Constructed of brick, the building sits on a stone foundation and is covered with an asphalt roof. Four stories tall, the facade is four bays wide and the side eight bays wide, with two windows in each bay on each floor. Prominent pilasters separating the bays, in which are placed glass display windows on the first floor, both front and side. To the rear, part of the basement is exposed, due to sloping ground. The Windsor Hotel, established to serve travellers on the Pennsylvania Railroad, was formerly located behind the Zweig.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the early twentieth century, the building was used by small businesses, such as dentists and jewellers.</p><br>
<p>By the early twenty-first century, much of Bellaire&#39;s downtown built environment had been lost to destruction or extensive modifications. The Zweig Building presents a radically different appearance: few changes have been made, and the building retains original features such as prism-like transom lights on the exterior and metal ceilings and hardwood flooring on the interior.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>Due to its well-preserved historic architecture, the Zweig was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. It is currently one of five Bellaire locations on the Register, along with the Imperial Glass Company, a house known as Belleview Heights, part of the B & O Railroad Viaduct over the Ohio River, and the towboat Donald B.</p><br>
<p>In 2001, more than $2.2 million in historic preservation tax credits was given to the buildings owner, Bellaire Housing Partners, which used the money in an adaptive reuse project to convert the Zweig Building into elder housing apartments. Their project won recognition from the Ohio Historical Society, which praised the group for retaining the buildings architecture during a worthy renovation project.</p><br>
<p>The Colonial Williamsburg Courthouse was constructed from 1770 to 1771 in the Georgian style. The courthouse is located facing Market Square with Duke of Gloucester Street running directly behind it. The property was acquired by Colonial Williamsburg in 1928, and was added to the National Register as a contributing property to the Williamsburg Historic District on October 15, 1966.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse once housed two separate court systems, one being the James City County Court, responsible for carrying out county cases, and the other, the Hustings Court, responsible for the city cases. The courthouse was built with red bricks with white wooden trim-boards and long arched windows with white shutters. A projected portico is located over one of the entrances and is unique in Georgian architecture. The hipped roof rests on an entablature with dentil moldings. The roof is pierced on both sides by a chimney and a central octagonal drum capped with a dome and a spire.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was the site where Benjamin Waller read aloud the Declaration of Independence on July 25, 1776, after it arrived from Philadelphia.</p><br>
<p>The building was used as a hospital for the Confederate Army after the Battle of Williamsburg.</p><br>
<p>The Bill Wilson House is a historic 19th-century hotel at 378 Village Street in East Dorset, Vermont, United States. Built in 1852, it is the birthplace and living memorial of Alcoholics Anonymous co-founder Bill Wilson. With 14 guestrooms and a conference room the non-profit bed and breakfast is a center for recovery seminars and regular AA and ALANON meetings. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Bill Wilson House stands at the southeast corner of Village Street and Mad Tom Road in the center of East Dorset, and is one of the village&#39;s largest buildings. It is a rambling two-story wood-frame building, its front facing west toward Village Street, and three sections extending along Mad Tom Road to the east. The front has a single-story porch with modest Greek Revival styling, which extends partially around the north and south sides. It is joined by a -story ell to a large carriage barn, which now serves as a meeting space and lounge.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed and opened as a hotel in 1852 in the small Vermont marble quarry village. The owners were the Griffith family when William (Bill) Griffith Wilson was born on November 26, 1895, on the ground floor behind the bar of the hotel during a snow storm. After two years he moved to Rutland until the divorce of his parents. Then, at the age of 11, Bill and his sister, Dorothy, returned to East Dorset to live with their maternal grandparents, the Griffiths. In 1987 the building had been vacant for several years and Ozzie Lepper bought it in order to turn it into a living memorial to Bill W. Since then the building underwent constant renovations and is now a functioning guest house and conference center. Bill W. is buried close by in a cemetery next to his wife Lois and the Griffith family.</p><br>
<p>Room 9 of the hotel is believed to be the room where Bill and Lois stayed during one of their visits.</p><br>
<h2>Griffith Library</h2><br>
<p>Nearby stands the Griffith Library where Bill lived with his sister and his grandparents. Today it is a museum and a library dedicated to Bill Wilson who is the author of the book Alcoholics Anonymous, the 12 steps and many other books about recovery from alcoholism. It is at this house where he had many important childhood experiences such as building a boomerang from scratch and building a radio. At the nearby Emerald Lake he met his future wife Lois Wilson.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the development of the Wilson birthplace, Bill and Lois Wilson frequently came back to East Dorset staying at the Aerie inn which is in the same local as the Wilson homestead. The Wilsons spent summers at the Aerie Inn from 1960 up until his year of death in the early 1970s. The Wilsons did not have any children which led them to become close to the owners and builders of the Aerie Inn. The room of their choice to live in was room 6 which to this day has been preserved. The property fell into disrepair up until 2003 when it was purchased with the intent of keeping the integrity of the Wilsons memory intact.</p><br>
<p>The Simon Tiffany House, also known as the Ebenezer Tiffany House, is a historic house on Darling Road in Salem, Connecticut. Built about 1793, it is a well-preserved example of a rural vernacular farmhouse of the period. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Simon Tiffany House is located in a rural setting in southwestern Salem, on the south side of Darling Street near the town line with Lyme. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a gambrel roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance topped by a four-light transom window. The flanking bays are slightly asymmetrical in their placement. The interior follows a central chimney plan, with a narrow entry vestibule that has a winding stair to the upper level, and parlors on either side of the chimney. The area behind the chimney is now a single large space that was once the kitchen, but it was also once probably two separate spaces combined by later alteration. A single-story ell extends to one side, housing a modern kitchen and dining area. Some of the windows have inside shutters, a feature that rarely survives from the period.</p><br>
<p>Ebenezer Tiffany purchased the land where the house stands in 1786 from the state, which had seized the property because it had been owned by a Loyalist who fled during the American Revolutionary War. Tiffany had been leasing the land prior to its confiscation. The house was built by his son Simon on a portion of the land given to him in the 1790s. The property remained in the Tiffany family until 1895, and the house was given a careful restoration beginning in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>Seth M. Gates House is a historic home located at Warsaw in Wyoming County, New York. It is a two-story, wood-frame dwelling built in 1824 and expanded in about 1843. It started as a two-story, five-bay dwelling and the expansion added two bays on the north end. It features a Federal style cornice. Its owner from about 1843 until his death was Seth M. Gates , who served in the USA House of Representatives from 1838 to 1842. From the time of his purchase, for the next 15 years the house was a station on the Underground Railroad, Gates concealing the fugitives in the cellar and attic. From 1893 to 1924, it was home to the Society of Village Works, a local charitable organization. In 1924, it was sold to the local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, who owned it until turning it over to the Warsaw Historical Society in 1977 for $1.00.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Augustus A. Smith House, also known as Germain House, is a historic home located at Attica in Wyoming County, New York. It is a large, irregularly massed Queen Anne style residence constructed in 1890. It features a large two story, semi-circular window bay on the south facade and other fine architectural details in keeping with its style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Raphael Semmes House, , is a historic residence at 804 Government Street in Mobile, Alabama. It is best known as the 1871-1877 home of Raphael Semmes, captain of the Confederate States Navy sloop-of-war CSS Alabama, a commerce raider during the American Civil War. The 1858 brick townhouse of Federal and Greek Revival styles of architecture, was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 26, 1970.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed and built by its first owner, Peter Horta, in 1858. The structure was purchased in 1871 by the citizens of Mobile and presented to Semmes, who lived there until his death in 1877.</p><br>
<p>Several decades, owners, and residents later, Joseph Linyer Bedsole and his wife purchased and restored the townhouse. On April 22, 1946, they donated it to the adjacent First Baptist Church of Mobile in memory of their son, Lt. Joseph Linyer Bedsole Jr. of the United States Army Air Forces, who was killed in action over Nazi Germany in Europe during World War II.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story, white-painted brick townhouse is in a simple Federal-style architecture, with an added Greek Revival-style doorway and surround. The front (south) facade has a full-width cast iron porch across the ground floor, added in the 1870s. The ironwork has a floral design motif. Built on a narrow city lot, the house is deeper than it is wide. The main body of the house measures about 30 ft wide by 40 ft deep. A two-story rear ell addition is attached to the northwest corner of the main house and measures about 15 ft wide by 27 ft deep, extending the depth of the house to 67 ft. The ell served as the service wing and was fronted on the courtyard side by wooden porch and balcony galleries on both floors that adjoined the matching rear galleries of the main house.</p><br>
<p>The interior layout has a stair hall on the west side of the house, on both floors. The stairway is mahogany with turned spindles. The stair hall opens onto a parlor and dining room on the first floor and three bedrooms on the second floor. The parlor and dining room retain their original fireplace mantles of cut-and-polished black marble. The ell contains a kitchen and storage room on the first floor and two servant rooms on the second.</p><br>
<p>Epworth Hall is a historic assembly hall located in Castile township in Wyoming County, New York. It was built in 1892 in the Colonial Revival style and is the largest of three such halls on the grounds of the Silver Lake Institute, a Methodist-affiliated camp facility established in 1873. The two story, 100 feet by 50 feet, multi-purpose building exhibits elements of the Akron Plan in its interior layout.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Church, also known as Trinity Episcopal Church, is an historic Episcopal church in Warsaw, Wyoming County, New York. The Carpenter Gothic style frame church was built in 1853-1854 and closely follows the plan and elevations of a country church published by Richard Upjohn  in his book Upjohns Rural Architecture . Upjohns connection with the design of the church has been confirmed by a letter dated December 30, 1853.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Due to years of deterioration, the steeple was removed in 2016.</p><br>
<p>Middlebury Academy is a historic school in Wyoming, Wyoming County, New York. The Greek Revival style structure was erected by the citizens of Wyoming in 1817. Originally sponsored by the local Baptist church, the academy became a Wyoming County Union Free School in 1880 and operated as a school until 1912. It is now home to the Middlebury Historical Society. It is located within the boundaries of the Wyoming Village Historic District.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>John C. Burroughs (1818-1892), educator</p><br>
<p>Milton J. Daniels (1838-1914), Civil War veteran and politician</p><br>
<p>James Rood Doolittle (1815-1897), politician</p><br>
<p>Seth M. Gates (1800-1877), merchant, attorney and politician</p><br>
<p>Milo H. Olin (1842-1907), businessman and politician</p><br>
<p>James O. Putnam (1818-1903), lawyer and politician</p><br>
<p>Amelia Kempshall Wing (1837-1927), author and philanthropist</p><br>
<p>Lincoln Park is a 1.8 acre urban park in downtown Portland, Maine. Created as Phoenix Square in 1866, following that year’s Great Fire, which burned down most of the buildings of Portland, it was renamed on January 24, 1867, in honor of former president Abraham Lincoln. It is bounded by Congress Street to the west, Pearl Street to the south, Federal Street to the east and Franklin Street to the north. The park was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Lincoln Park is located near the geographic center of peninsular Portland, at the southern corner of Congress and Franklin Streets. It is shaped roughly like a parallelogram, and is a relatively flat open grassy area, dotted with trees. A network of walking paths radiate away from a fountain located near the center of the park, and there are internal park walkways adjacent to Congress Street and Federal Street. (The fountain was originally at the park&#39;s center, but its northern boundary was reduced in order to widen Franklin Street, a major city artery.) The park is encircled by iron fencing. Entrances, each of which is flanked by dressed granite posts, are located at the four corners, and at the center of the Federal Street side. A gate providing access for maintenance vehicles is located at the Congress/Federal corner.</p><br>
<p>It is overlooked from Federal Street by the Cumberland County Courthouse.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The park, the citys first public park, was acquired in the aftermath of Portland devastating 1866 fire, in which more than 1,800 building were destroyed, devastating the citys downtown and port areas. The land was purchased for just over $81,000 at 75 cents a square foot. Its layout and design are credited to city engineer Charles R. Goodell, although a number of his design details were not implemented. In 1909, the lot immediately south of the park (between Pearl Street and Market Street) was taken and landscaped as an extension to the park. It is now the location of Central Fire Station.</p><br>
<h3>Occupy Maine</h3><br>
<p>In 2011, the Occupy Maine encampment, part of the larger "Occupy" protests, began "occupying" in Lincoln Park as part of an arrangement with the city authorities. At 4am on October 25, a chemical bomb was thrown into the park at the encampment. On December 8, Portland City Council voted 8-1 in favor of denying Occupy Maine a permit to stay in the park.</p><br>
<p>Eastern Cemetery is a historic cemetery at the intersection of Washington Avenue and Congress Street in the Munjoy Hill neighborhood of Portland, Maine. Established in 1668, it is the city&#39;s oldest historic site. It has more than 4,000 marked graves with an estimated further 3,000 burials in unmarked plots. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery is owned by the city of Portland. The volunteer nonprofit group Spirits Alive, founded in 2006, is dedicated to the protection and preservation of the cemetery through conservation and education. Spirits Alive offers daily walking tours from June through mid-October.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Eastern Cemetery is located on the northeastern part of the Portland peninsula, at the base of Munjoy Hill. It occupies a roughly triangular, seven-acre lot bounded on the north by Congress Street, the east by Mountfort Street, and the south by Federal Street. The sloping lot is only at street level along Congress and part of Mountfort Street, the rest supported by a stone retaining wall. Its street-facing sides are ringed by iron fencing, with the main entrance gates on Congress Street. The landscape is mostly grass, with a few widely spaced trees.</p><br>
<p>Eastern Cemetery was comprehensively surveyed by City Engineer William Goodwin in 1890. Goodwin&#39;s map divided the cemetery into 12 sections, A to L. Every individual grave marker, monument or tomb—a total of 4,189—was assigned a number within one of these sections.</p><br>
<p>The only building in the cemetery is the Dead House, a small shed that stands immediately inside the front gate. Built in 1871 and restored 2014–2016, the Dead House protects the entrance to the City Receiving Tomb. The 21-foot-long underground tomb, built in 1849, had space for temporary storage of up to 80 coffins during the winter months. Use of the tomb was discontinued after about 40 years.</p><br>
<p>The earliest burials were clustered in what is now Section E near a tall Norway pine. Successive replacement trees were planted after the original tree blew down; the current white pine was planted in 1969.</p><br>
<p>The size of the cemetery was approximately doubled in 1795, when the city purchased a plot of land along Congress Street from the Reverend Thomas Smith. The land, now Sections A and B, had been used as a town common; at one time a gallows and stocks stood there.</p><br>
<p>Eighty-six underground family tombs were constructed on the new land. Laid out in four rows, the tombs could house up to thirty coffins each.</p><br>
<p>Certain sections along the perimeter of the cemetery were reserved for minority populations. As the cemetery expanded in the late 18th century, graves of Black residents were segregated in Section L, in what was then the back edge of the property. A second area designated for graves of Black people was in use by 1825. There are also sections designated for Quakers, Catholics, Black Catholics and "Strangers" (that is, paupers and those without known family). Several of these sections, which do not appear on historical maps of the cemetery, were discovered by the historian Ron Romano.</p><br>
<p>As Eastern Cemetery became crowded beyond capacity, the city opened Western Cemetery in 1829 and, twenty-five years later, Evergreen Cemetery. In 1858, burials at Eastern were officially suspended except for those in existing family plots or tombs.</p><br>
<p>The retaining walls along Mountfort and Federal Streets date from 1854 and 1868, respectively. The iron and granite fence along Congress Street was erected in 1916, having been moved from Portland High School.</p><br>
<h2>Mary Green&#39;s headstone</h2><br>
<p>The grave marker with the earliest death date belongs to Mistress Mary Green, who died on May 23, 1717, at the age of 54. She was the sister-in-law of Major Samuel Moody, who led the resettlement of Falmouth Neck (now Portland) in 1716. No markers have survived from earlier burials dating back to the 1660s.</p><br>
<h2>The captains&#39; graves</h2><br>
<p>The graves of Lt. William Ward Burrows II, US Navy (1785–1813), and Commander Samuel Blyth, Royal Navy (1783–1813), have a prominent place on high ground in the cemetery. Both men were killed when the ships they commanded met in battle off the Maine coast during the War of 1812. The action ended with the capture of HMS Boxer by the USS Enterprise. The two captains&#39; bodies were taken to Portland, where they were buried side by side following a grand funeral procession through the city. A third grave was placed next to the captains two years later after Lt. Kervin Waters, a young American officer mortally wounded in the battle, succumbed to his injuries.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>George Bradbury (1770–1823), Congressman</p><br>
<p>Charles Q. Clapp (1799–1868), architect and merchant</p><br>
<p>Charles Codman (1800–1842), landscape and marine painter</p><br>
<p>Samuel Drinkwater (1742–1834), sea captain</p><br>
<p>Mark Harris (1779–1843), Congressman</p><br>
<p>John Holmes (1773–1843), Congressman</p><br>
<p>Daniel Ilsley (1740–1813), Congressman</p><br>
<p>Stephen (1723–1790) and Tabitha (1723–1777) Longfellow, great-grandparents of the poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</p><br>
<p>Christopher Christian Manuel (1781–1845), Black civil rights and anti-slavery advocate</p><br>
<p>Captain Lemuel Moody (1767–1846), builder of the Portland Observatory</p><br>
<p>Commodore Edward Preble (1761–1807), hero of the first Barbary War, established traditions and practices of the USA Navy</p><br>
<p>George Preble (1816–1885), USA Naval officer and writer</p><br>
<p>Lewis Shepherd (1751–1832), from enslavement in Scarborough, enlisted and fought in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War</p><br>
<p>Elizabeth Widgery Thomas (1779–1861), anti-slavery and women&#39;s suffrage advocate</p><br>
<p>William Widgery (1753–1822), Congressman</p><br>
<p>Henry Aiken Worcester (1802–1841), minister</p><br>
<h2>Monuments</h2><br>
<p>Stinson Monument: A granite and bronze cenotaph topped by a soldier’s bedroll honors Sgt. Alonzo P. Stinson, Company H of the 5th Maine Infantry Regiment. Sgt. Stinson (1842–1861) was the first soldier from a Portland unit to die in action in the Civil War. He was buried near where he fell in the First Battle of Bull Run in June 1861. The monument was designed by George E. Brown and dedicated in 1908.</p><br>
<p>Alden Monument: The grave of Rear Admiral James Alden Jr. (1810–1877) is marked by a tall pink granite pillar. A Portland native, Admiral Alden joined the US Navy at the age of 18, serving in the Mexican-American and Civil Wars. He was a surveyor and mapmaker on the United States Exploring Expedition, which discovered the Antarctic continent among other accomplishments.</p><br>
<p>Henry Wadsworth Monument: A cenotaph honoring Lt. Henry Wadsworth, US Navy (1785–1804), uncle and namesake of the poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, stands near the Captains&#39; Graves. Lt. Wadsworth died in Tripoli Harbor during the First Barbary War in an explosion aboard the fire ship USS Intrepid. Attempts to return his remains from a grave in Tripoli have been unsuccessful</p><br>
<h2>Gravestones by Bartlett Adams</h2><br>
<p>Bartlett Adams (1776–1828) operated the first stone-cutting shop in Portland. Located just a few blocks from Eastern Cemetery, his shop produced about 700 gravestones between 1800 and 1828 that can be found in the cemetery today. One of the most noteworthy is the richly detailed stone he made for his namesake and son in 1806. Bartlett Adams, Sr. died on January 28, 1828, at age 51. He and other members of his family were laid to rest in a private tomb at Eastern Cemetery. The table-style monument that once decorated the tomb has been lost or destroyed, though a small sandstone marker at the entrance to the tomb is still there bearing his name.</p><br>
<p>The J. Vivian Jr. and Company Building is a commercial building located at 342 Hecla Street in Laurium, Michigan. Constructed in the Italian Renaissance Revival and Italianate architectural styles, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Captain Johnson Vivian Sr. was born in Cornwall, England. He worked in the mining industry in his home country, then emigrated to Michigan&#39;s Keweenaw Peninsula to work as a mining captain, first in Eagle Harbor, then moving to mines located in Copper Harbor, Phoenix, Hancock, and Ontonogan, among other places.</p><br>
<p>Captain Vivian had four sons, one of whom was Johnson Vivian Jr. The younger Vivian was born in the United States and attended high school in the area. Captain Vivian had a number of commercial interests, and in 1886, the younger Vivian, with assistance from his father, established J. Vivian Jr. and Company, a mercantile business, in Osceola.</p><br>
<p>In 1894 the father and son established a branch of their mercantile business in Laurium, constructing a building on Hecla Street. However, the store was an immediate success, and by 1895 employed 50 people. Other merchants followed Vivian&#39;s example, and the block on Hecla soon became the commercial center of the area. In 1903, the store was the largest in the area.</p><br>
<p>Johnson Vivian Jr. took over his father&#39;s business when the latter died in 1909. He continued as a leading citizen in Laurium. He was the president of the State Savings Bank and the Palestra (the Laurium ice rink), a director of the Laurium Park Association, and on the board of directors of the Calumet Public Hospital.</p><br>
<p>The J. Vivian Jr. and Company was in business until 1936.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The J. Vivian Jr. and Company building was constructed in multiple stages. The original building, dating from 1894, was two stories tall and three bays wide, measuring 58 feet across. This soon proved too small, and in 1898 a third story was added to the structure. In 1906, a fourth bay was added on the north side, bringing the total building width to 90 feet. A one-story addition to the rear was completed in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The building is constructed in an Italian Renaissance Revival design from brick with sandstone trim. The structure has four bays, each with a two-story round-arched window. A cornice features alternating marble medallions and attic windows. Brick and sandstone piers divide the plate glass windows on the first floor.</p><br>
<p>The Hadlyme Ferry Historic District encompasses a collection of historic buildings related to the Chester–Hadlyme Ferry in the Hadlyme village of Lyme, Connecticut. It is located at the eastern end of the ferry route across the Connecticut River, where ferries have been documented to run since 1769. The district includes six houses dating to the late 18th or early 19th century, as well as the site of the ferry slip. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The lower Connecticut River was not bridged until the early 20th century. Settled in the mid-17th century, ferry services on the river were important for the movement of people and goods, and also acted as hubs for commerce. The first formal permit to operate a ferry between Hadlyme and Chester was issued in 1769 to Jonathan Warner, but some documents suggest that a ferry may have been run as early as the 1690s. The oldest of the buildings at the ferry was built in 1760; it is a typical Georgian house, to which a Federal style entrance surround was added in the late 18th or early 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The district extends from the ferry slip, up Connecticut Route 148 (Ferry Road) to its junction with Geer Hill Road. The terrain slopes upward from the river fairly steeply, leaving little room for development. The district is bounded on the north by Gillette Castle State Park. The six houses in the district were all built before 1820, and have either Federal or colonial Georgian style. One of the buildings may have served as a shop.</p><br>
<p>The contributing properties include:</p><br>
<p>Samuel Brooks House, 151 Ferry Road, c. 1760, Colonial in form but with a "fine Federal doorway surround"</p><br>
<p>Isaac Spenser House, 162-1 Ferry Road, 1790, also Colonial in its 5 bay form, with a Federal style doorway including fanlight in doorway&#39;s pediment.</p><br>
<p>William Spencer House, 1805.</p><br>
<p>159 Ferry Road, c. 1800, gable-fronted.</p><br>
<p>Comstock House, 150 Ferry Road, c. 1820, gable-fronted, later Federal style house with a fanlight in its tympanum.</p><br>
<p>Ferry House, 162-2 Ferry Road, c. 1780.</p><br>
<p>Ferry slip site.</p><br>
<p>Non-contributing structures in the district include four garages from early 20th century and assorted small buildings associated with the ferry. Note, unlike in some other historic districts around ferry sites, the course of the ferry itself is not included in the district. The modern ferry is regarded as a periodic intrusion into views of the historic district.</p><br>
<p>The Bunker Hill Covered Bridge is one of two covered bridges left in North Carolina, , and is possibly the last wooden bridge in the United States with Haupt truss construction. It was built in 1895 by Andrew Loretz Ramsour  in Claremont, North Carolina, and crosses Lyle Creek.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was designated a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 2001 and is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History and design</h2><br>
<p>The project to build the bridge was started in 1894 when Catawba County Commissioners requested nearby owners of the Bunker Hill Farm to build and maintain a bridge that would cross Lyle Creek on the old Island Ford Road (a former Native American trail). According to local archives, Ramsour found the Haupt truss design in a book. Since the bridge was originally constructed as an open span, its 91 ft roof wasn&#39;t added until 1900, and in 1921, its original wooden shingle roof was replaced with a tin roof. The bridge was owned by the Bolick family until 1985 when they donated it to the Catawba County Historical Association, who restored it in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Lindley Schooley House and Office is a Queen Anne style house in Belmont, Ohio. The house on Main Street was built around 1895 for Dr. Lindley Schooley .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Dr. Lindley Schooley was born in Belmont in 1824. He attended Starling Medical College in Columbus and graduated in the 1840s. He moved back to Belmont in 1851 and completed his Queen Anne-style home in 1895. He practiced medicine in the community and even held the position as president of the First National Bank of Belmont at age 78, in 1902, until his death in 1908 at the age of 84.</p><br>
<p>The Rackleff Building is an historic commercial building at 129–131 Middle Street in the Old Port commercial district of Portland, Maine. Built in 1867, to a design by architect George M. Harding, it is, along with the adjacent Woodman Building and Thompson Block , part of the finest concentration of mid-19th-century commercial architecture in the city. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Rackleff Building is located in Portland&#39;s Old Port area, on the north side of Middle Street, west of Franklin Street. It is flanked on the left side by the Woodman Building, and is separated on the right from the Thompson Block by Church Street, a narrow side street. The building is three stories in height and roughly a parallelogram in shape, with a rounded section at the sharply angled corner with Church Street. The ground floor has a cast iron facade that is essentially the same as that of the Woodman building, but about one foot shorter. Piers of clustered narrow round columns support arches and an entablature. Windows on the upper levels are set in segmented-arch openings, with bracketed lintels and eared hoods that are joined by a stone stringcourse. The windows in the center of the Middle Street facade are more ornately decorated, and the building has a cornice with paired brackets, and bands of freestone hexagons and quatrefoils between. The Church Street facade has similar but simpler styling.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed in 1867, the same year the other two buildings were constructed. All were built in the wake of Portlands 1866 great fire. Harding, who came to Portland in 1858, played a major role in the rebuilding of the citys commercial district after that blaze.</p><br>
<p>The Woodman Building is a historic commercial block located at 133–141 Middle Street in Portland, Maine. It was designed by architect George M. Harding and built in 1867. It is one of the most elaborate and high-style commercial buildings built in the wake of the citys devastating 1866 fire, and is one of Maines largest Second Empire buildings. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Rackleff Building is located in Portland&#39;s Old Port area, on the north side of Middle Street, at its corner with Pearl Street. It is flanked on the east side by the Rackleff Building. It is a four-story masonry structure, built out of brick with stone and iron trim elements. The ground floor storefronts are articulated by iron pilasters and arches, while windows on the second and third floors are combined in groups of one, two, or three, under elaborate stone arches. Stone beltcourses highlight the bottom of these arches, and also the join the sills of the windows. The building is capped by a mansard roof in the Second Empire style, with paired brackets in the eaves, corner turrets, and elaborate dormers.</p><br>
<p>The block was built in 1867 for the Woodman family after the 1866 fire devastated a large part of the city. It is one of three adjacent buildings designed by George M. Harding (the others are the Rackleff Building and the Thompson Block, further east on Middle Street), which comprise one of the city&#39;s finest blocks of period architecture. Of these, the Woodman Building is the most elaborate. The ironwork on the ground floor is a rare surviving work of a local foundry, the Portland Company.</p><br>
<p>The Thompson Block is a historic commercial building located at 117–125 Middle Street in downtown Portland, Maine. It was designed by architect George M. Harding and constructed in 1867. Along with the neighboring Rackleff and Woodman Buildings , it forms one of the best-preserved period commercial street views in the entire state. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Thompson Block is located in Portland&#39;s Old Port area, on the north side of Middle Street and at the head of the now-demolished Deer Street. It is flanked on the left side by the Rackleff Building, which stands across Church Street, and by a less ornate brick commercial building on the right, across a narrow alley. It is a -story brick building, roughly trapezoidal in shape, with a polychrome slate mansard roof providing a full fourth floor. The ground floor consists of an arcade of iron supports, forming arches over either display windows or recessed store entries. A stone entablature separates the ground floor from the next two floors. These floors are divided into six bays, articulated in a 1-1-2-1-1 pattern by stone piers, and each floor is also delineated horizontally by rusticated stone beltcourses above and below the windows. Windows on the second floor are paired round-arch windows with keystones, while third-floor windows have segmented-arch tops with stone hoods. Two of these are more ornate, rising into wall dormers that interrupt the bracketed and dentillated cornice. Dormers at the roof level have round-arch windows with keystoned and eared hoods.</p><br>
<p>The block was built in 1867–1868, in the wake of Portland&#39;s great 1866 fire. George M. Harding, who designed the Thompson Block and the adjacent Rackleff and Woodman buildings, played a major role in the rebuilding effort, and this trio of buildings represent some of his finest commercial work. Urban renewal of the 20th century resulted in the loss of a significant number of other period buildings, and this is one of the few places in the city where the typical rebuilt post-fire streetscape is to be seen.</p><br>
<p>The James Kinney Farmstead, also known as Country Mile Farm, is located 4 mi southeast of Belmont, Ohio on SR 147. The 57 acre property was placed on the National Register on 1999-04-29 and is only one of four farmsteads placed on the Register.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The property was bought by James Kinney in 1852 from John Franz. The property contained a simple log structure which once stood close to the present house. The house was built in 1863 and is largely the same as it was when first constructed. This property once served as a drove station and saw hundreds of drovers and livestock passing the house. The property was purchased in 1957 by the late Floyd Simpson and is currently undergoing restoration by his sons.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The house is constructed in the Greek Revival style and consists of red bricks with white wooden trim boards. Rectangular windows with dark shutters pierce the facade. The front of the house contains a central portico supported by Doric columns in antis. The front entrance is reached by a flight of stairs and is framed by a pair of windows to either side. The second floor contains five windows in line with the windows and door located below.</p><br>
<p>The grounds surrounding the house contains a smokehouse, a summer kitchen, a wood and coal house, corncrib-wagon shed, and a carriage house. A timber-frame barn is located to the south of the house and was built in 1874 out of white pine and poplar. The oldest structure on the property is across SR 147 from the barn and was on the property before James Kinney purchased the property.</p><br>
<p>The property also features a 190 ft loess mound, a section of the original drovers&#39; road, and 5 acre of virgin forest connected to Dysart Woods.</p><br>
<p>The Belmont Historic District is located in Belmont, Ohio and contains several streets. The buildings located in the district are primarily from the 19th century, but are punctuated by more recent buildings. The district is split by SR 147 and SR 149. The historic district was placed on the National Register in 1987.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed an "architecturally cohesive rural village" and includes hewn log houses, vernacular frame buildings, brick I-houses, and Greek Revival-style houses and commercial buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Morristown Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district embracing much of the village of Morristown, Ohio, United States. Founded along the National Road, Morristown prospered as long as the road was heavily travelled, but it stagnated after railroads became prominent. Because the community neither died nor prospered, it has retained its mid-nineteenth-century architecture into the present, making it one of the National Road&#39;s least-changed settlements.</p><br>
<p>Settled in the early nineteenth century, Morristown prospered after the National Road became its main street in 1826. In its first decades, the village was heavily dependent on the road; during the 1850s, more than forty National Road-related businesses lined its streets. However, prosperity departed soon afterward: railroads were built through eastern Ohio in the 1850s, supplanting the National Road as the major mode of transportation, and because no railroad served Morristown, it lost most of its commerce. Buildings continued to be erected into the 1870s, but comparatively little construction occurred in later decades. Nevertheless, the village remained, and benign neglect contributed to Morristowns preservation: no other National Road community in eastern Ohio has experienced so few changes since the roads heyday. Part of its significance derives from construction methods. Most buildings are vernacular structures built of brick in Flemish bond, setting Morristown apart from surrounding communities, which possess few historic brick buildings.</p><br>
<p>In early 1980, the Morristown Historic District was declared, with boundaries encompassing 42 acre; seventy of the district&#39;s eighty-six buildings were rated as contributing properties, as was the village cemetery. Limited destruction and limited new construction has left Morristown with nearly all of its mid-19th century built environment, enabling the district to qualify for the Register both because of its place in area history and because of its historic architecture.</p><br>
<p>Warsaw Academy is a historic school in Warsaw, Wyoming County, New York. It is a two-story cobblestone structure measuring 35 feet by 57 feet in the Greek Revival style. Built as a school in 1846, the building has housed a Masonic temple since 1907. A two-story brick wing was added in 1854 and a one-story stucco wing was added in 1928.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
